An energy efficient double cluster head routing scheme for motorway vehicular networks

Vehicular Communications

Qazi

et al. 2017

In this paper, we propose energy efficient Information Piece Delivery (IPD) through Nano Servers (NSs) in a vehicular network. Information pieces may contain any data that needs to be communicated to a vehicle. The available power (renewable or non-renewable) for a NS is variable. As a result, the service rate of a NS varies linearly with the available energy within a given range. Our proposed system therefore exhibits energy aware rate adaptation (RA), which uses variable transmission energy. We have also developed another transmission energy saving method for comparison, where sleep cycles (SC) are employed. Both methods are compared against an acceptable download time. To reduce the operational energy, we first optimise the locations of the NSs by developing a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model, which takes into account the hourly variation of the traffic. The model is validated through a Genetic Algorithm (GA1). Furthermore, to reduce the gross delay over the entire vehicular network, the available renewable energy (wind farm) is optimally allocated to each NS according to piece demand. This, in turn, also reduces the network carbon footprint. A Genetic Algorithm (GA2) is also developed to validate the MILP results associated with this system. Through transmission energy savings, RA and SC further reduce the NSs energy consumption by 19% and 18% respectively, however at the expense of higher download time. MILP model 4 (with RA) and model 5 (with SC) reduced the delay by 81% and 83% respectively, while minimising the carbon footprint by 96% and 98% respectively, compared to the initial MILP model.

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficient Nano Servers provisioning for Information Piece Delivery in a vehicular environment

Igder

Vehicular Communications

Qazi

et al. 2017

“…In this paper, the RSUs are battery operated wind Environment Food and Rural Affairs [24] at Newton, Reading, UK. The selected site is in the same geographical location as that of the M4 motorway stretch where hourly vehicular densities [25] have been obtained, for our analysis. Moreover, real packet size measurements [26] have also been utilised for performance evaluation.…”

Section: The Studied Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and quality of service of an off-grid wind powered roadside unit in a motorway vehicular environment

Audu

Vehicular Communications

Muhtar

et al. 2017

ReuseItems deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. TakedownIf you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing eprints@whiterose.ac.uk including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. Accepted ManuscriptReliability and quality of service of an off-grid wind powered roadside unit in a motorway vehicular environment George A. Audu, Samya Bhattacharya, Adnan Muhtar, Bilal Qazi, Jaafar M.H. Elmirghani PII:S2214-2096 (16) This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. with significant improvement in the quality of service. 1 Reliability and Quality of Service of an

“…The hourly RSU load or transmission energy therefore is Gaussian distributed. This is because the packet generation from vehicles follow Poisson distribution [11]. Since the energy per bit is fixed, the energy required by the RSU to transmit the arriving Poisson distributed packets is Gaussian distributed in continuous domain.…”

Section: The Motorway Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Energy Dependent Rate Adaptation for Roadside Units

Audu

2015 9th International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services and Technologies

Elmirghani

2015

Abstract-In this paper, we propose a rate adaptive technique for wind powered standalone (off-grid) roadside units (RSUs) in a motorway environment. In a non-rate adaptive system, the transient nature of renewable wind energy causes the RSUs to either transmit at full data rate or not transmit at all based on the availability of sufficient energy. In rate adaptation, the data rate of an RSU adapts according to the available energy. Further, the RSU saves transmission energy by operating at a lower data rate, even when enough energy is available. The saved energy, in turn, is used to maintain the data rate during energy deficiency, thereby minimizing outage and improving the quality of service (QoS). The performance analysis shows that the wind energy dependent rate adaptive RSU delivers a more energy efficient service with acceptable quality compared to a non-rate adaptive deployment in a renewable energy solely powered RSU. The proposed rate adaptive algorithm can be as well deployed to wind-powered communication base stations (BSs) and sensor networks.