Wind Energy Dependent Rate Adaptation for Roadside Units

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper, we propose a rate adaptive technique for wind powered standalone (off-grid) roadside units (RSUs) in a motorway environment. In a non-rate adaptive system, the transient nature of renewable wind energy causes the RSUs to either transmit at full data rate or not transmit at all based on the availability of sufficient energy. In rate adaptation, the data rate of an RSU adapts according to the available energy. Further, the RSU saves transmission energy by operating at a lower data rate, even when enough energy is available. The saved energy, in turn, is used to maintain the data rate during energy deficiency, thereby minimizing outage and improving the quality of service (QoS). The performance analysis shows that the wind energy dependent rate adaptive RSU delivers a more energy efficient service with acceptable quality compared to a non-rate adaptive deployment in a renewable energy solely powered RSU. The proposed rate adaptive algorithm can be as well deployed to wind-powered communication base stations (BSs) and sensor networks.

TDMA-based MAC (CVTMAC) in Green Vehicular Networks

“…The hour is then incremented and the corresponding vehicular density updated by the simulator to obtain the QoS parameters for the whole hours of the day. The wind energybased data rate distribution of the RSU obtained in [5] is also implemented in the RSU simulation process.…”

“…The departure rate of CVTMAC protocol become the arrival rate at the RSU which has Poisson distribution. The RSU has a general distributed service rate according to the wind energy-based data rate distribution as obtained in [5]. A singular (1) RSU (server) has a limited buffer size K. Since the queue is of finite capacity, packets that arrive when the buffer is full are blocked or lost.…”

“…However, the option of maximizing the energy efficiency of the RSU through rate adaptation was not explored. The authors in [5] proposed a wind energy dependent rate adaptation for RSU in vehicular networks without implementing the effects of real channel characteristics and communication protocols of the studied environment.…”