An Energy Management System With Optimum Reserve Power Procurement Function for Microgrid Resilience Improvement

Abstract

Power system decentralization has been an emerging topic for the past decade in an effort to improve power quality and environment protection via the increased integration of renewable energy sources. Toward these objectives, decentralized microgrids have been proposed and thoroughly investigated in terms of technical capabilities and economic performance. In fact, the planning and actual operation of small-scale, decentralized microgrids have started in countries, such as Canada, Japan, USA, U.K., and other countries. It is expected that the research in this area will progress and eventually take over the existing paradigm of large-scale power generation in the future. These small-size decentralized microgrids could be connected with nearby microgrids under normal operating conditions, but under special events, such as natural or man-made disasters, they would be disconnected and run in an islanded mode. Under such a high impact, low probability events, the microgrid must have the resiliency to successfully reconnect with other microgrids and the main grid. In this paper, an energy management system (EMS) for a microgrid having a resiliency function, allowing to operate under the islanded mode after an accident, is proposed. The proposed tool, called Resilient Energy Management System (ResEMS), aims at procuring reserve power into the microgrid's battery energy storage system (BESS) effectively, by importing it from the nearby connected power system. The quantity of power to be imported is decided considering the value of the load, photovoltaic device generation, and the state of charge (SOC) of BESS. The accident is assumed to be a predictable natural disaster, which means that the accident occurrence date or time period can be estimated. The proposed ResEMS has been applied to a microgrid comprising of a BESS, a diesel generator, and several photovoltaic devices. The simulation results verify its beneficial operation. INDEX TERMS Energy management system, reserve power, resiliency, battery energy storage system.

Q-Learning-Based Operation Strategy for Community Battery Energy Storage System (CBESS) in Microgrid System

“…The CBESS is decided to charge surplus power from the MG system and discharge during intervals having shortage power. Constraints (26) and (27) show the bounds for charging/ discharging amount at an interval of time. These constraints also ensure that the charging mode is possible when the MG has surplus power, while the discharging mode is possible when the MG has shortage power.…”

“…The information of the CDG unit, BESS, and CBESS are tabulated in Table 1. The operation bounds of BESS and CBESS were chosen as [0%, 100%], same as [27]. The detailed numerical results are shown in the following sections for both grid-connected and islanded modes.…”

Review of the State of the Art on Adaptive Protection for Microgrids Based on Communications

“…Furthermore, to build transmission lines and distribution lines, as well as new communications infrastructure to serve the traditional power systems, is becoming more and more challenging due to, for instance, growing pressures over environmental licensing, funding allocation, etc. It has been suggested that the centralized paradigm of energy delivery is reaching its technical boundaries and no longer seems to constitute the most effective approach for granting continuous and reliable power supply to customers located at the edge of the grid, especially in countries with a high percentage of non-urban area installations [1]. The above trends have led to increasing interest in installing small scale generation closer to the consumption nodes -Distributed Energy Resources (DER).…”

Performance Analysis of a Dq Power Flow-Based Energy Storage Control System for Microgrid Applications

“…Energy storages in MG domain require great attention on various aspects, such as type (material and size) and cost of energy storage devices, efficient energy management strategies, power conditioning sub-systems, chargingdischarging cycle, power conversion mechanism, and control for stable operation, protection, reliability, and environment friendly [38][39][40]. By virtue, MG should be capable of operating in both grid-connected and isolated mode, where MG isolated mode of operation is challenging because of a power imbalance between generations and load that result in voltage and frequency instability [38,[41][42].…”