An Energy Supply Chain from Large Scale Photovoltaic Power Generation from Asian Cities to End Users in Japan

Abstract

This study proposes four possible energy supply chains from the megawatt class of photovoltaics (PV) installation in Kuala Lumpur, Kolkata, Beijing or Ulan Bator to end users in Tokyo Japan. In the proposed chains, the electricity generated from solar PV panels would be used to generate H 2 through water electrolyzer. The H 2 is then liquefied (or converted into organic hydride) and transported by tank truck for land as well as tanker for marine to Japan and finally supplied to fuel cells (FC) for power generation purpose. This study investigates the energy efficiencies of the proposed energy supply chain and the amount of CO 2 emission in the transportation process from the four locations. As a result, it is found the largest amount of power could be generated in Ulan Batorthan in other cities with the same size of solar panel array, while it also emitted the largest amount of CO 2 in the transportation process. The best energy efficiency is obtained in the case of Beijing. This study also revealed that the ratio of total energy consumption to calorific value of H 2 after transportation in the case of H 2 liquefaction is smaller than that in the case of organic hydride.

Measurement and Modeling of 3D Solar Irradiance for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic

“…The meteorological data and irradiance data are given by the solar irradiance database, specifically, families of MEteorological Test data for PhotoVoltaic system (METPV), specifically, METPV-3 [44], METPV-11 [45], and METPV-ASIA [46]. It provides both direct and diffused irradiance every hour.…”

Measurement and Modeling of the 3-D Solar Irradiance for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic

“…The meteorological data and irradiance data are given by the solar irradiance database, specifically, METPV-11 and METPV-Asia [43][44][45]. It provides both direct and diffused irradiance in every 1 hour.…”

“…The property of the probability variables used for the Monte Carlo simulation is summarized in Table 1. The irradiance and climate conditions corresponding to the above parameters were looked into in the database of METPV-11 and METPV-Asia [43][44][45]. Given those probability parameters, I-V curves of entire cells in the array affected different illumination conditions, and variations of characteristics were calculated, and the maximum power point was calculated for taking the simulated power output affected by the partial shading.…”

Measurement and Modeling of the 3-D Solar Irradiance for Vehicle-Integrated Photovoltaic

“…The meteorological data and irradiance data are given by the solar irradiance database, specifically, METPV-11 and METPV-Asia [33][34][35]. It provides both direct and diffused irradiance in every 1 hour.…”

“…variables used for the Monte Carlo simulation is summarized in Table 1. The irradiance and climate conditions corresponding to the above parameters were looked into in the database of METPV-11 and METPV-Asia [33][34][35]. Given those probability parameters, I-V curves of entire cells in the array affected different illumination conditions, and variations of characteristics were calculated, and the maximum power point was calculated for taking the simulated power output affected by the partial shading.…”