An Enhanced Carbon Capture and Storage Process (e-CCS) Applied to Shallow Reservoirs Using Nanofluids Based on Nitrogen-Rich Carbon Nanospheres

Abstract

The implementation of carbon capture and storage process (CCS) has been unsuccessful to date, mainly due to the technical issues and high costs associated with two main stages: (1) CO2 separation from flue gas and (2) CO2 injection in deep geological deposits, more than 300 m, where CO2 is in supercritical conditions. This study proposes, for the first time, an enhanced CCS process (e-CCS), in which the stage of CO2 separation is removed and the flue gas is injected directly in shallow reservoirs located at less than 300 m, where the adsorptive phenomena control CO2 storage. Nitrogen-rich carbon nanospheres were used as modifying agents of the reservoir porous texture to improve both the CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity. For this purpose, sandstone was impregnated with a nanofluid and CO2 adsorption was evaluated at different pressures (atmospheric pressure and from 3 × 10−3 MPa to 3.0 MPa) and temperatures (0, 25, and 50 °C). As a main result, a mass fraction of only 20% of nanomaterials increased both the surface area and the molecular interactions, so that the increase of adsorption capacity at shallow reservoir conditions (50 °C and 3.0 MPa) was more than 677 times (from 0.00125 to 0.9 mmol g−1).

Electrospun Composites Made of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Polyacrylonitrile-Based Activated Carbon Nanofibers (rGO/ACNF) for Enhanced CO2 Adsorption

“…The massive emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas into the atmosphere are considered as the main reason for the occurrence of global warming and climate change [1,2]. Human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels in industry, especially in the power generation can be mass-produced from inexpensive graphite as raw materials and a cost-effective method which made the reduced GO (rGO) composites into economical adsorbents.…”

“…The massive emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas into the atmosphere are considered as the main reason for the occurrence of global warming and climate change [ 1 , 2 ]. Human activities such as the combustion of fossil fuels in industry, especially in the power generation sector, are major emission sources of CO 2 into the atmosphere [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Biomass-Derived Carbon Molecular Sieves Applied to an Enhanced Carbon Capture and Storage Process (e-CCS) for Flue Gas Streams in Shallow Reservoirs

“…Therefore, CSS has been promoted and evaluated around the world in the last decades [13,21,23,24]. This method consists of three main stages: (1) CO 2 separation from flue gas, (2) CO 2 transport to the geological store, and (3) CO 2 injection into deep geological storage sites (more than 300 m [21]).…”

Feasibility of ANFIS-PSO and ANFIS-GA Models in Predicting Thermophysical Properties of Al2O3-MWCNT/Oil Hybrid Nanofluid

“…According to Choi and Eastman [1], the introduction of nanofluids, which are a suspension of nano-sized particles in conventional fluids (i.e., water, ethylene glycol (EG), oil, and so forth), has opened new doors to improve heat transfer rate. After this pioneering study, many researchers conducted different projects on preparation methods [2,3,4], characterization [5,6], thermophysical properties [7,8,9,10,11], heat transfer performance [12,13,14,15,16], and the possible applications [17,18,19] of different nanofluids. Due to the importance of nanofluids, many researchers have reviewed the published literature on different aspects of nanofluids, such as their thermophysical properties [20,21], methods regarding their modeling and simulation [22], and their applications [23,24].…”