An Enhanced Multi-Hop Intersection-Based Geographical Routing Protocol for the Internet of Connected Vehicles Network

Qureshi, Kashif Naseer; Ahmed, Muhammad; Jeon, Gwanggil; Piccialli, Francesco

doi:10.1109/tits.2021.3049429

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In (Qureshi et al , 2021), the authors proposed a cross-gateway and connection-based routing (IGCR) protocol for internet of connected vehicle (IoCV) networks and addressed the challenges of traditional routing protocols, including data latency, disconnection, interference, scalability, and overhead. The suggested protocol uses important traffic-aware routing parameters such as the direction of the node, traffic density and the subsequent selection of the forwarding node.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lane-based advanced forwarding protocol for internet of vehicles

Seth

Guleria

Panda

2023

IJPCC

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Purpose The internet of vehicles (IoV) communication has recently become a popular research topic in the automotive industry. The growth in the automotive sector has resulted in significant standards and guidelines that have engaged various researchers and companies. In IoV, routing protocols play a significant role in enhancing communication safety for the transportation system. The high mobility of nodes in IoV and inconsistent network coverage in different areas make routing challenging. This paper aims to provide a lane-based advanced forwarding protocol for internet of vehicles (LAFP-IoV) for efficient data distribution in IoV. The proposed protocol’s main feature is that it can identify the destination zone by using position coordinates and broadcasting the packets toward the direction of destination. The novel suppression technique is used in the broadcast method to reduce the network routing overhead. Design/methodology/approach The proposed protocol considers the interferences between different road segments, and a novel lane-based forwarding model is presented. The greedy forwarding notion, the broadcasting mechanism, and the suppression approach are used in this protocol to reduce the overhead generated by standard beacon forwarding procedures. The SUMO tool and NS-2 simulator are used for the vehicle's movement pattern and to simulate LAFP-IoV. Findings The simulation results show that the proposed LAFP-IoV protocol performs better than its peer protocols. It uses a greedy method for forwarding data packets and a carry-and-forward strategy to recover from the local maximum stage. This protocol's low latency and good PDR make it ideal for congested networks. Originality/value The proposed paper provides a unique lane-based forwarding for IoV. The proposed work achieves a higher delivery ratio than its peer protocols. The proposed protocol considers the lanes while forwarding the data packets applicable to the highly dense scenarios.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lane-based advanced forwarding protocol for internet of vehicles

Seth

Guleria

Panda

2023

IJPCC

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“…It also handles many characteristics like high mobility, discontinuation in links, and different topologies. About [16] the intersection gateway and connectivity-based routing protocol are presented for this subclass. This protocol uses traffic-aware routing which includes the density and direction of nodes.…”

Section: State Of Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Greedy Strategies in Geographic Routing of VANETs

Israr,

Shafiq,

Muqeem

2023

JAET

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The study and creation of networks that are independent of any pre-existing infrastructure has become highly popular in recent years. These networks fall under the category of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), in which each car takes part in routing by sending data to other vehicles. However, geographic routing attracts VANETs networks because they lack route discovery and routing databases and the accessibility of low-cost GPS systems as well as the advent of the 128-bit address structure of IPv6 have enhanced the advantages of geographical routing over classical routing techniques. Additionally, the proposed algorithms based on greedy routing are the main method for the next hop selection in multi-hop communication for optimal and optimized solution in geographic routing. In this article, the study takes place with a number of hops per route and greedy algorithm selection success ratio in VANETs with source-to-destination pairs. A comparative study is taken out in which LLP affects node density, hop count, and transmission range. Monte Carlo simulations have been done with two important network parameters which are transmission range and node density. This study will be a guideline for the choice of greedy decisions to meet the objectives of network applications.

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“…Many routing techniques were proposed to diminish the end-to-end delay, 35 energy consumption, 36,37 and enhancement of end-to-end throughput (ETH). 38,39 A large number of existing geographical routing have been designed for 2D networks, and these protocols may not be suitable for a 3D environment. Gupta et al 33 present the challenges and research issues of geographical routing in a threedimensional environment.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of routing protocols have been proposed for the enhancement of performance in multi‐hop wireless networks. Many routing techniques were proposed to diminish the end‐to‐end delay, 35 energy consumption, 36,37 and enhancement of end‐to‐end throughput (ETH) 38,39 . A large number of existing geographical routing have been designed for 2D networks, and these protocols may not be suitable for a 3D environment.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projection‐based throughput enhancement for 3D geographic routing technique in multi‐hop wireless networks

Begum

Hussain

2022

Int J Communication

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Summary Efficient geographic routing techniques in multi‐hop wireless networks are popular and attractive for their effective routing mechanism; here, for routing, the location information is used instead of topology information. In recent years, most of the proposed position‐based routing protocols have been designed for 2D space, but in real‐life scenarios, the nodes are usually deployed in 3D space. Working with 3D space is more complicated than with 2D space. Enhancement of the end‐to‐end throughput while reducing the energy consumption and the end‐to‐end delay is the primary consideration for designing routing protocols in a 3D geographical multi‐hop wireless network. This paper proposes a projection‐based routing technique, where routes obtained in 3D multi‐hop wireless networks are projected on 2D planes and on the reference line (RL). The main goal of this study is to simplify the operational difficulties in 3D space and performance enhancement of the network in terms of throughput, energy consumption and delay. The proposed technique presents the various projection methods for the routes obtained in 3D space. The projections are made on (i) the RL joining source to destination; (ii) the planes XY, YZ and ZX; and (iii) a particular 3D plane. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated through simulation, considering the network parameters, end‐to‐end delay, throughput and energy consumption.

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An Enhanced Multi-Hop Intersection-Based Geographical Routing Protocol for the Internet of Connected Vehicles Network

Cited by 16 publications

References 19 publications

A lane-based advanced forwarding protocol for internet of vehicles

A lane-based advanced forwarding protocol for internet of vehicles

Analysis of Greedy Strategies in Geographic Routing of VANETs

Projection‐based throughput enhancement for 3D geographic routing technique in multi‐hop wireless networks

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