An enhanced murine model for studies of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae pathogenesis

Nibbelink, Stuart K.; Wannemuehler, Michael J.

doi:10.1128/iai.60.8.3433-3436.1992

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…From the results of Experiment 1, it is clear that TD85420 enhances Brachyspira -associated disease severity in mice. This finding is consistent with previous pathological assessments in which caecal lesions were found to be most severe in mice fed TD85420 [ 13 , 19 ]. The mechanism by which this is achieved is not fully understood, but could be attributed to the low zinc levels of TD85420.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Unexpectedly, the pathologic results in these experiments were not completely consistent with what has been reported in previous studies of Brachyspira challenged mice [ 13 , 14 , 19 , 36 ]. The catarrhal changes noted in the current experiments were not reported previously, and the neutrophilic infiltration reported in previous studies was only evident in Experiment 2.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

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An optimized swine dysentery murine model to characterize shedding and clinical disease associated with “Brachyspira hampsonii” infection

Ek¹,

Nosach²,

Fernando³

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe development of a mouse model as an in vivo pathogenicity screening tool for Brachyspira spp. has advanced the study of these economically important pathogens in recent years. However, none of the murine models published to date have been used to characterize the clinical signs of disease in mice, instead focusing on pathology following oral inoculation with various Brachyspira spp. The experiments described herein explore modifications of published models to characterize faecal consistency, faecal shedding and pathology in mice challenged with “Brachyspira hampsonii” clade II (Bhamp).Methods and resultsIn Experiment 1, 24 CF-1 mice were randomly allocated to one of three inoculation groups: sham (Ctrl), Bhamp, or B. hyodysenteriae (Bhyo; positive control). Half of each group was fed normal mouse chow (RMH) while the other received a low-zinc diet (TD85420). In Experiment 2, eight CF-1 mice and nine C3H/HeN mice were divided into Ctrl or Bhamp inoculation groups, and all fed TD85420. In Experiment 1, mice fed TD85420 demonstrated more severe mucoid faeces (P = 0.001; Kruskal Wallis) and faecal shedding for a significantly greater number of days (P = 0.005; Kruskal Wallis). Mean faecal scores of Bhamp inoculated mice trended higher than Ctrl (P = 0.06; Wilcoxon rank-sum) as did those of Bhyo mice (P = 0.0; Wilcoxon rank-sum). In Experiment 2, mean faecal scores of inoculated CF-1 mice were significantly greater than in C3H mice (P = 0.049; Kruskal Wallis) but no group differences in faecal shedding were observed. In both experiments, mice clustered based on the severity of colonic and caecal histopathology but high lesion scores were not always concurrent with high fecal scores.ConclusionIn our laboratory, CF-1 mice and the lower-zinc TD85420 diet provide a superior murine challenge model of “Brachyspira hampsonii” clade II.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-1166-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 72%

An optimized swine dysentery murine model to characterize shedding and clinical disease associated with “Brachyspira hampsonii” infection

Ek¹,

Nosach²,

Fernando³

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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“…Ninety-seven male and female C3H/HeJ (lps d / lps d ) and C3H/HeOuJ (lps n /lps n ) mice (8 to 16 weeks of age) from breeding colonies at Iowa State University (originally obtained from Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine) were utilized in these experiments. Mice were fed Teklad 85420 (Harlan Teklad, Madison, Wis.), a nutritionally complete defined diet (9), for 48 h prior to infection followed by a 4-h fast. Mice were inoculated twice within a 4-h period with 10 8 highly motile spirochetes via gastric intubation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of C3H mice with avian, porcine, or human isolates of Serpulina pilosicoli

1997

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C3H/HeJ (lps d /lps d ) and C3H/HeOuJ (lps n /lps n ) mice were infected via gastric intubation with avian, porcine, or human isolates of weakly hemolytic spirochetes classified as Serpulina pilosicoli. Upon histopathological examination of cecal tissue from mice infected with avian or porcine isolates, colonization of spirochetes attached end-on to the apical surface of enterocytes was observed. There were no apparent differences in severity of cecal lesions between the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-responsive (C3H/HeOuJ) and LPS-hyporesponsive (C3H/HeJ) mouse strains infected with these isolates. Transmission electron microscopy showed spirochetes invaginated into the host cell membrane with resultant effacement of microvilli and loss of the glycocalyx. End-on attachment of the human isolate S. jonesii was not observed in the present studies, although weakly hemolytic spirochetes were reisolated from mice infected with S. jonesii. Moreover, results of Western immunoblot experiments showed mice developed serum antibody responses to the S. pilosicoli isolates examined. Thus, the present results indicate that specific isolates of S. pilosicoli can colonize mice and exhibit end-on attachment to cecal enterocytes.

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“…The colonic and cecal contents were removed, and the colon and cecum from each animal were fixed in formalin and six of the 12 tissue samples were randomly selected from each group for histopathological analyses. Gross cecal lesions were scored using published criteria (18). Macroscopic cecal lesions were scored 0-4 as follows: no gross lesions (grade 0, normal); evidence of atrophy (grade 1, mild); excess intraluminal mucus with atrophy localized to the cecal apex (grade 2, moderate); generalized cecal atrophy with increased intraluminal mucus and no cecal contents (grade 3, severe); score 3 plus bloody cecal content (grade 4, most severe).…”

Section: Tissue Sample Collection and Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolism of herbal phenolics in gut/oral microbiota or Caco-2 cells and bioavailability associated efficacy of caffeic acid in mouse colitis

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Phenolics, one category of micronutrients abundant in human diet, are believed to prevent some degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, and cancer. Numerous researchers have become increasingly interested in phenolics because of the recognition of the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-antiviral, and immunestimulating properties of phenolics. In this dissertation, the overarching hypotheses were that plant phenolics were degraded by gut or oral microorganisms, influencing the absorption of these components; phenolics were transported by Caco-2 cell monolayers; and phenolic efficacy of colitic prevention depended on bioavailability. Our long-term goal is to elucidate the metabolism pattern of phenolics that may benefit colon health to prevent colitis. The first study, with in vitro anaerobic incubations for human fecal or mouse cecal samples, the degradation rates of major phenolics from Echinacea purpurea and Hypericum perforatum extracts were significantly different in both incubation methods. Caffeic acid was produced and one metabolite was generated during the metabolism of Echinacea extract. The second study with salivary bacterial incubation in vitro, 7-mixture compound oral degradation rates were statistically significant differences. Cluster analysis showed that significantly different groups of high and low degraders of caffeic acid and rutin were evident. In the third study with Caco-2 cell line, Hypericum perforatum components, chlorogenic acid, an ester of caffeic acic and quinic acid, quercetin, amentoflavone, and pseudohypericin were compared to test the apparent permeabilities from apical to basolateral transfer, the results demonstrated that the components had a low permeable ability after 4 h incubation with the monolayer. The fourth study in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced C3H/HeOuJ mouse colitis model, treated with caffeic acid compared with rutin (both of 1.0 mmol/kg in diet) and hypoxoside extract, only caffeic acid protected against DSS-induced colitic histopathological damage, in association with normalization of CYP4B1 expression. Finally, to examine interindividual variability in the efficacy of caffeic acid, the other strain, a CD-1/IGS mouse model was used with DSS-induced colitis. The expression of CYP4B1 was also increased by caffeic acid/DSS treatment. The main other findings showed that two significant different subgroups of caffeic acid and rutin were identified based upon cluster analysis of cecal histopathological score in mice fed caffeic acid/DSS. Caffeic acid-fed mice with severe cecal damage had significantly xii greater colonic MPO activity than did mice with mild cecal damage. Furthermore, the severe cecal damage subgroup was significantly associated with a lower plasma concentration of caffeic acid. These effects in mice fed caffeic acid/DSS were associated with the variety of caffeic acid bioavailability, probably due to gut microbial ecology, which is an important controllable variable in the effects of caffeic acid on colit...

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An enhanced murine model for studies of Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae pathogenesis

Cited by 24 publications

References 16 publications

An optimized swine dysentery murine model to characterize shedding and clinical disease associated with “Brachyspira hampsonii” infection

An optimized swine dysentery murine model to characterize shedding and clinical disease associated with “Brachyspira hampsonii” infection

Experimental infection of C3H mice with avian, porcine, or human isolates of Serpulina pilosicoli

Metabolism of herbal phenolics in gut/oral microbiota or Caco-2 cells and bioavailability associated efficacy of caffeic acid in mouse colitis

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