An enhanced procedure for the analysis of organic binders in Pompeian’s wall paintings from Insula Occidentalis

Gelzo, Monica; Corso, Gaetano; Pecce, Rita; Arcari, Ottavia; Piccioli, Ciro; Russo, Antonio Dello; Arcari, Paolo

doi:10.1186/s40494-019-0254-1

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As already discussed in previous studies [6,24,47], several factors may limit the capability of the FTIR technique to accurately identify the presence of organic materials in ancient wall painting samples, such as the low concentration of the binder and the strong absorption of the inorganic matrix (that gives rise to wide bands associated with distortions). In order to accurately assess the presence of an organic binder, refined procedures or more sensitive techniques need to be employed [16,54,55]. The use of remote non-invasive techniques capable of investigating larger and targeted areas will also be taken into account in future studies [56,57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques

et al. 2021

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In this study, several wall painting fragments discovered in the Roman baths from the archeological site Alburnus Maior (Roşia Montană, Romania) were analyzed with the aim to investigate the material composition of both plasters and pictorial layers. Dated from the beginning of the second century AD, these rare findings stand among the oldest examples of preserved decorative polychrome paintings on plaster excavated thus far in the former territory of the Roman province of Dacia. A non-destructive multi-analytical approach based on complementary techniques was considered: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV fluorescence, and hyperspectral imaging (HSI). The obtained results highlight a common Roman color palette mainly based on naturally occurring earth pigments. Red ochre, yellow ochre, manganese-rich ochres/wads, carbon black, and calcite were identified. A traditional two-layer sequence of plasters was found—arriccio (based on lime and siliceous sands), and intonaco (pure lime). The presence of an organic protein binder, identified via FTIR analysis, and sustained by combined imaging documentation, indicates that the pigments were applied a secco. The obtained results are discussed in relation to previous published data, and they can be considered as valuable archeological indicators that contribute to the understanding of the painting techniques and the materials used in the Roman provinces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques

et al. 2021

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“…Mills [65] also showed that the ratio of palmitic/stearic acid is stable over time and can be used for oil identification. Later, several studies confirmed it [63,67,68], except for Tammekivi et al [51] and some others, who emphasized using other criteria for confirmation. Still, according to Tammekivi et al [51], the concentration of the particles (pigments) has a substantial impact on the fatty acid correlated to drying oils.…”

Section: Sample Bindersmentioning

confidence: 98%

Novel nannofossils extraction methods from paintings, coupled with GC–MS for provenance determination and binder analysis

et al. 2022

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The use of calcareous nannofossils for provenance analysis is a new-old topic for cultural heritage. Several studies have already mentioned it for ceramic, but less for paintings. Preparatory layers of the paintings are often made with chalk, which is composed of microfossils. To extract a calcareous nannofossils assemblage from a painting layer, we need to disaggregate it. The method is to plunge the micro-samples into water and heat it if water alone does not work. The disaggregation process takes a long time and is not efficient in terms of quantitative results. In this work, we aimed to develop a disaggregation method that increases the number of determinable nannofossils extracted from a painting micro-sample. As these samples are valuable and unique, we decided that a combination of analyses on the disaggregated micro-sample should be tried to extract the most information from it. We studied the possibility of binder determination by gas chromatography–mass spectrometer after the nannofossils assemblage extraction on the residual liquid from the disaggregation. The method we are presenting is easy to apply, has a high disaggregation rate for most paintings, and a low impact on binders fatty acids for their determination.

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“…A study of Corso et al has employed spectroscopic, techniques and GC coupled to flame-ionization detector to study binders of a mural painting fragment from Liternum (Italy) archaeological excavation [74]. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from the examination of collected samples in Pompeii from "Imperial Villa, Insula Occidentalis" suggesting that in both cases tempera painting with binders of animal origin had been used [75,76].…”

Section: Invasive Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Organic Binders in Archaeological Wall Paintings

Casoli

2021

Applied Sciences

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Wall painting realized using organic binders is the oldest form of parietal painting and precedes the birth of the affresco by about 20,000 years. This paper reports the results obtained from the main studies in the field of archaeological wall paintings. The attention was paid to the study of organic binders used for the application of the color, as well as on the instrumental techniques chosen to obtain such information. Different techniques can be used for the study of organic material in archeological paintings: non-destructive techniques, which can be applied directly in situ without sampling, and laboratory micro-invasive techniques for a more in-depth characterization. Among these, the chromatographic techniques represent a potential tool to acquire as much information as possible about chemical composition of binders.

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An enhanced procedure for the analysis of organic binders in Pompeian’s wall paintings from Insula Occidentalis

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques

Investigation of Ancient Wall Painting Fragments Discovered in the Roman Baths from Alburnus Maior by Complementary Non-Destructive Techniques

Novel nannofossils extraction methods from paintings, coupled with GC–MS for provenance determination and binder analysis

Research on the Organic Binders in Archaeological Wall Paintings

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