An environmental friendly method for the automatic determination of hypochlorite in commercial products using multisyringe flow injection analysis

Ornelas‐Soto, Nancy; Horstkotte, Burkhard; March, J.G.; Alba, Pedro Luis López de; López-Martínez, Leticia; Martin, Víctor Cerdà

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.073

Cited by 69 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Reduction of reagent consumption and waste generation are among the requisites necessary to attain the GAC recommendation [18, 19], and the volumes of solutions delivered by the solenoid micropumps per stroke have been used to calculate reagent consumption and waste generation [28]. Nominally, the solenoid micropumps used in this work should deliver a solution volume of 8 μ L per stroke, nevertheless, in an earlier work, it was verified that volume delivered per stroke was lower than the expected value [28].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reduction of reagent consumption and waste generation are among the requisites necessary to attain the GAC recommendation [18, 19]. Multicommuted flow analysis (MCFA) [20–22] and multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) [18, 23] are efficient tools for handling low volumes of sample and reagent solutions, thus providing facilities to save them. Solenoid minipumps have been employed to propel solution in flow analysis systems replacing the peristaltic pump, presenting as an advantage small dimension [24–26], a feature that has been exploited in order to downscale the flow system [27, 28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Environmental Friendly Procedure for Photometric Determination of Hypochlorite in Tap Water Employing a Miniaturized Multicommuted Flow Analysis Setup

Borges

Reis

2011

Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry

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A photometric procedure for the determination of ClO− in tap water employing a miniaturized multicommuted flow analysis setup and an LED-based photometer is described. The analytical procedure was implemented using leucocrystal violet (LCV; 4,4′,4′′-methylidynetris (N,N-dimethylaniline), C25H31N3) as a chromogenic reagent. Solenoid micropumps employed for solutions propelling were assembled together with the photometer in order to compose a compact unit of small dimensions. After control variables optimization, the system was applied for the determination of ClO− in samples of tap water, and aiming accuracy assessment samples were also analyzed using an independent method. Applying the paired t-test between results obtained using both methods, no significant difference at the 95% confidence level was observed. Other useful features include low reagent consumption, 2.4 μg of LCV per determination, a linear response ranging from 0.02 up to 2.0 mg L−1 ClO−, a relative standard deviation of 1.0% (n = 11) for samples containing 0.2 mg L−1 ClO−, a detection limit of 6.0 μg L−1 ClO−, a sampling throughput of 84 determinations per hour, and a waste generation of 432 μL per determination.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Environmental Friendly Procedure for Photometric Determination of Hypochlorite in Tap Water Employing a Miniaturized Multicommuted Flow Analysis Setup

Borges

Reis

2011

Journal of Automated Methods and Management in Chemistry

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“…1B). Syringe 3 was connected via a holding coil HC2 to the central port of the second selection valve with an open and continuously stirred mixing chamber of 4 mL volume as described elsewhere [43,44] and stock solutions of NaOH and NaI of 2 mol L −1 each positioned on its lateral ports. The mixing chamber was further connected to a lateral port of the first selection valve.…”

Section: Real-time Modified Simplex Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential injection analysis for automation of the Winkler methodology, with real-time SIMPLEX optimization and shipboard application

Horstkotte¹,

Tovar-Sánchez²,

Duarte³

et al. 2010

Analytica Chimica Acta

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A multipurpose analyzer system based on sequential injection analysis (SIA) for the determination of dissolved oxygen (DO) in seawater is presented. Three operation modes were established and successfully applied onboard during a research cruise in the Southern ocean: 1st, in-line execution of the entire Winkler method including precipitation of manganese (II) hydroxide, fixation of DO, precipitate dissolution by confluent acidification, and spectrophotometric quantification of the generated iodine/tri-iodide (I(2)/I(3)(-)), 2nd, spectrophotometric quantification of I(2)/I(3)(-) in samples prepared according the classical Winkler protocol, and 3rd, accurate batch-wise titration of I(2)/I(3)(-) with thiosulfate using one syringe pump of the analyzer as automatic burette. In the first mode, the zone stacking principle was applied to achieve high dispersion of the reagent solutions in the sample zone. Spectrophotometric detection was done at the isobestic wavelength 466 nm of I(2)/I(3)(-). Highly reduced consumption of reagents and sample compared to the classical Winkler protocol, linear response up to 16 mg L(-1) DO, and an injection frequency of 30 per hour were achieved. It is noteworthy that for the offline protocol, sample metering and quantification with a potentiometric titrator lasts in general over 5 min without counting sample fixation, incubation, and glassware cleaning. The modified SIMPLEX methodology was used for the simultaneous optimization of four volumetric and two chemical variables. Vertex calculation and consequent application including in-line preparation of one reagent was carried out in real-time using the software AutoAnalysis. The analytical system featured high signal stability, robustness, and a repeatability of 3% RSD (1st mode) and 0.8% (2nd mode) during shipboard application.

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“…On the other hand, the epidemic use of advanced oxidation processes demands a reliable analytical procedure for the simultaneous analysis of the different participating disinfectants. Although the analyses of the individual disinfectants have been widely studied (Moberg and Karlberg 2000;Sullivan and Douek 1998;March and Simonet 2007;Soto et al 2008;Franchini et al 2008) the research addressing the analysis of a mixture of two or more disinfectants is still rare and needs a lot of work. The analysis of binary mixtures of O 3 and H 2 O 2 and also HClO and H 2 O 2 has been reported by our group (Awad, and Ohsaka 2004;Awad, Sata, and Ohsaka 2004;Kenta et al 2007;Kenta et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroanalysis of a Ternary Disinfectant Mixture

2012

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The analysis of a ternary mixture containing ozone (O 3 ), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), in their coexistence was simultaneously performed using a potentiometric method. In this method, the change in the open circuit potential of a Pt indicator electrode dipped in a potential buffer containing I À /I À 3 upon the addition of the ternary mixture is measured. The analysis was based on the different reaction kinetics of the three oxidants with I À . The kinetics of the reaction of O 3 and I À is about three orders of magnitude faster than that of sodium hypochlorite, and the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and I À is negligible compared with those of O 3 or hypochlorite ion and I À unless a molybdate catalyst is added. Several factors, including the iodide concentration, pH, and the molybdate concentration were investigated to optimize the analysis and achieve a reasonable separation among the reactions of the three oxidants and I À . A theoretical model was developed to compare with the experimental results and a reasonable correlation was obtained.

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An environmental friendly method for the automatic determination of hypochlorite in commercial products using multisyringe flow injection analysis

Cited by 69 publications

References 25 publications

An Environmental Friendly Procedure for Photometric Determination of Hypochlorite in Tap Water Employing a Miniaturized Multicommuted Flow Analysis Setup

An Environmental Friendly Procedure for Photometric Determination of Hypochlorite in Tap Water Employing a Miniaturized Multicommuted Flow Analysis Setup

Sequential injection analysis for automation of the Winkler methodology, with real-time SIMPLEX optimization and shipboard application

Electroanalysis of a Ternary Disinfectant Mixture

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