An Environmental Impact Calculator for 24-h Diet Recalls

Bryan, Thomas; Hicks, Andrea; Barrett, Bruce; Middlecamp, Catherine Hurt

doi:10.3390/su11236866

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The inputs and outputs of the model are for the global food system, considering the ways in which the world can feed the world. Much research exists on the environmental, economic, and health sustainability of food from an individual dietary perspective ( 15 , 22 , 25 , 44 , 47 , 50 , 53 , 54 , 60–62 ). Individuals, particularly in developed regions, have broad choices in achieving nutrient adequate diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the DELTA Model to Understand the Food System and Global Nutrition

Smith

Fletcher

Dave

et al. 2021

The Journal of Nutrition

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Background Increasing attention is being directed at the environmental, social, and economic sustainability of the global food system. However, a key aspect of a sustainable food system should be its ability to deliver nutrition to the global population. Quantifying nutrient adequacy with current tools is challenging. Objective To produce a computational model illustrating the nutrient adequacy of current and proposed global food systems. Methods The DELTA Model was constructed using global food commodity balance sheet data, alongside demographic and nutrient requirement data from UN and European Food Safety Authority sources. It also includes nutrient bioavailability considerations for protein, the indispensable amino acids, iron, and zinc, sourced from scientific literature. Results The DELTA Model calculates global per capita nutrient availability under conditions of equal distribution and identifies areas of nutrient deficiency for various food system scenarios. Modeling the 2018 global food system showed that it supplied insufficient calcium (64% of demographically weighted target intake) and vitamin E (69%), despite supplying sufficient macronutrients. Several future scenarios were modeled, including variations in waste; scaling up current food production for the 2030 global population; plant-based food production systems; and removing sugar crops from the global food system. Each of these scenarios fell short of meeting requirements for multiple nutrients. These results emphasize the need for a balanced approach in the design of future food systems. Conclusions Nutrient adequacy must be at the forefront of the sustainable food system debate. The DELTA Model was designed for both experts and nonexperts to inform this debate as to what may be possible, practical, and optimal for our food system. The model results strongly suggest that both plant and animal foods are necessary to achieve global nutrition. The model is freely available for public use so that anyone can explore current and simulated global food systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of the DELTA Model to Understand the Food System and Global Nutrition

Smith

Fletcher

Dave

et al. 2021

The Journal of Nutrition

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“…The dataset created in this paper is a step forward in offering concrete, specific, and actionable locally relevant data to food-focused policymakers, community groups, and researchers of the subnational food system. Previous studies quantifying agrifood demand that tackle the whole American diet [26,27] lack either geographic or agrifood granularity, and have not disaggregated demand by fresh or processed or compared the demand to current local production to inform urban food systems policy. Our prior study initiated such an analysis for a select set of six agrifood categories across 377 metropolitan areas [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

County-level analysis of current local capacity of agriculture to meet household demand: a dietary requirements perspective

Nixon¹,

Ramaswami²

2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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With the goal of informing local food action planning, this paper develops a first county-level database detailing agrifood consumption and production across 3,114 counties in the United States. The database covers 12,070 food items that comprise the entire diet, mapping them to the production demand of 95 agrifood commodities. Agrifood demand is delineated further into fresh and processed components, along with characterization of animal feed, and compared with local food production to yield the current local agrifood capacity (CLC). CLC Results are shown for individual agrifoods and for aggregated categories (e.g., 0.03 for fruits & nuts, 0.24 for vegetables, 0.31 for non-meat animal products) across all U.S. counties. CLC results for the entire diet find that a large proportion of US counties can be self-sufficient in individual agrifood commodities (ranging from <0.5% of counties for agrifoods like hops, papayas, and artichokes to 59% of counties for beef), and 23% of US counties can supply over half of their total human dietary demand through local production, but only 9% of the US population resides in these counties. Such granular, subnational baseline are essential to inform future goal setting for urban agriculture.

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“…Compared to the SR, the approach seemed to overestimate dairy, sugars, and vegetables and it does not consider water as an ingredient. The FCID, which has been used before as a food decomposition method [17,18,41,42], offers a satisfactory ingredient resolution and matching with LCIs, except for dairy. An important limitation of this approach is that it is unable to distinguish between dairy ingredients (e.g., milk, cheese, and yogurt) in the food [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Recipes and Their Influence on the Environmental Impact Assessment of Mixed Dishes: A Case Study on Pizza

Stylianou

McDonald

Fulgoni³

2020

Sustainability

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Food and diet life cycle assessment (LCA) studies offer insights on the environmental performance and improvement potential of food systems and dietary patterns. However, the influence of ingredient resolution in food-LCAs is often overlooked. To address this, four distinct decomposition methods were used to determine ingredients for mixed dishes and characterize their environmental impacts, using the carbon footprint of the U.S. daily pizza intake as a case study. Pizza-specific and daily pizza intake carbon footprints varied substantially between decomposition methods. The carbon footprint for vegetarian pizza was 0.18–0.45 kg CO2eq/serving, for meat pizza was 0.56–0.73 kg CO2eq/serving, and for currently consumed pizzas in the U.S. (26.3 g/person/day; 75 pizzas types) was 0.072–0.098 kg CO2eq/person/day. These ranges could be explained by differences in pizza coverage, ingredient resolution, availability of ingredient environmental information, and ingredient adjustability for losses between decomposition methods. From the approaches considered, the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, which reports standardized food recipes in relative weights, appears to offer the most appropriate and useful food decompositions for food-LCAs. The influence and limitations of sources of reference flows should be better evaluated and acknowledged in food and diet LCAs.

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An Environmental Impact Calculator for 24-h Diet Recalls

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Use of the DELTA Model to Understand the Food System and Global Nutrition

Use of the DELTA Model to Understand the Food System and Global Nutrition

County-level analysis of current local capacity of agriculture to meet household demand: a dietary requirements perspective

Standardized Recipes and Their Influence on the Environmental Impact Assessment of Mixed Dishes: A Case Study on Pizza

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