An enzyme immobilized microreactor for continuous‐flow biocatalysis of ginsenoside Rb1

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ginsenoside Rb1 is one of the major bioactive components of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), a medicinal plant that has been used for therapeutic purposes for thousands of years in Asian countries. The pharmaceutical activity of ginsenoside Rb1 highly depends on molecular structure and its deglycosylated metabolites are known to be more potent bioactive compounds. However, these deglycosylated ginsenosides do not exist naturally so they are usually obtained by poorly selective methods, like chemical hydrolysis.RESULTS: In this study, the development and characterization of an alginate-based immobilized enzyme microreactor for the catalytic conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 to more bioactive metabolites have been reported. Enzyme kinetic parameters were calculated and characterization tests (such as determination of surface area of alginate matrix, long-term use, and effect of residence time on conversion yield) were conducted. The system was operated under continuous-flow conditions and compared with acidic and batch enzymatic hydrolysis experiments, as conventional approaches. The enzymatic microreactor showed an enhanced activity by producing 13-fold higher amount of ginsenoside F2 than batch enzymatic hydrolysis. CONCLUSION: Obtained results indicated that the newly developed enzymatic microreactor could successfully convert ginsenoside Rb1 to more active metabolites and have a potential for the biocatalysis of multiple ginsenosides, as well as pharmaceutically active compounds.

What’s new in flow biocatalysis? A snapshot of 2020–2022

“…Most of the literature covering 2020-2022 deal with the preparation of key building blocks (Al-Shameri et al, 2020;Böhmer et al, 2020;Hegarty and Paradisi, 2020;Roura Padrosa et al, 2020;Oeggl et al, 2021;Semproli et al, 2020;Teepakorn et al, 2021;Azevedo et al, 2022;Peng et al, 2022) for fine chemicals/APIs (2020)(2021)(2022). Frontiers in Catalysis frontiersin.org rather than with the total synthesis of drugs (Rinaldi et al, 2020;Wu et al, 2020;Kazan et al, 2021;Romero-Fernandez and Paradisi, 2021;Benítez-Mateos et al, 2022a;Benítez-Mateos and Paradisi, 2022). Interestingly, nucleoside analogues result the most reported examples in this framework (Rinaldi et al, 2020;Benítez-Mateos et al, 2022a;Benítez-Mateos and Paradisi, 2022) and the analysis of this trend was thus reported herein.…”

Comparison of Acetaminophen Degradation by Laccases Immobilized by Two Different Methods via a Continuous Flow Microreactor Process Scheme

“…Microreactors’ volume capacity was 160 μL, while the treated wastewater volume was set to 2 mL, which indicates that the system is capable of treating almost 13 times its maximum capacity per cycle. Here, we take advantage of our microreactors’ high reaction rates and yields, scalability, and more precise control of reaction variables, which results in a significant improvement of the biotransformation performance [ 41 , 42 ]. Moreover, enzyme reusability and an extended enzyme lifetime reduces the operation cost; however, while the laccase-alginate microcapsules can be produced continuously by a microfluidic system, the laccase-Al 2 O 3 pellets require time-consuming functionalization processes.…”

Kitosan parçacıklarının üretimi için düşük maliyetli mikrosistemlerin tasarımı ve fabrikasyonu

“…Hassas kontrollü koşullar altında parçacıkların toplu ve sürekli sentezi, mikro platformlar aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilebilir. Kanal geometrileri ve akış hızları gibi birçok parametre veya elektrik, manyetik, akustik veya piezoelektrik kuvvetler gibi dış uyaranlar, üretim sürecine dahil edilebilmekte veya değiştirilerek etkileri incelenebilmektedir [3,[17][18][19][20]. Mikroakışkan sistemlerin avantajları, biyolojik parçacıklar ve ilişkili ortamlar üzerinde hassas kontrol ve işleme yetenekleri nedeniyle çeşitli alanlarda kanıtlanmış olmasına rağmen, nispeten karmaşık üretim süreçleri birçok laboratuvar ve araştırmacı için sınırlayıcı olabilmektedir [21].…”