Cummins, Taveras, and Schlesinger (1960) Case Report A 13-month-old boy was admitted to the Syracuse Memorial Hospital on March 29, 1960, because of regression in neuromuscular function and a rapidly enlarging head. The baby had developed normally to the age of 10 months at which time he could stand with help and spoke a few simple words. He then became irritable, slowly lost the ability to stand or sit, and at 12 months developed an internal squint of the right eye.The mother's pregnancy and delivery were uneventful. There was no history of infectious disease in childhood.Physical examination revealed a very irritable child. The skull was enlarged (52 5 cm. maximum circumference), but the scalp veins were flat and no cranial bruit was heard. Neurological examination demonstrated a right abducens palsy, bilateral papilloedema, a positive MacEwen's sign, and severe generalized spasticity and clonus. The blood count and urine analysis were indeterminate. Plain skull films showed widened sutures, an enlarged vault, and a simple linear fracture in the right parietal bone.On the second hospital day subdural taps were performed through the enlarged anterior fontanelle, but no fluid was obtained.Two days later contrast radiographs were obtained. (A detailed description of the pertinent films made during this and subsequent studies is given beneath Figs. I and 2.)A gas ventriculogram was performed first because of 374