An Epidemic of Vibrio Cholerae el Tor Inaba Resistant to Several Antibiotics with a Conjugative Group C Plasmid Coding for Type II Dihydrofolate Reductase in Thailand

Tabtieng, Ramon; Wattanasri, Somsak; Echeverria, Peter; Seriwatana, Jitvimol; Bodhidatta, Ladaporn; Chatkaeomorakot, Arunsri; Rowe, B.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1989.41.680

Cited by 43 publications

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“…Similar multiresistant strains of S. typhi have also been reported from other countries [7][8][9]. Vibrio cholerae resistant to commonly used antibiotics have been reported from Philippines [10], Thailand [ 11], Tanzania [12] and Kenya [13]. In Bangladesh several studies have demonstrated the extensive problems of multiple resistance in shigellae [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The prevalence and genetics of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in faecal Enterobacteriaceae from children in Bangladesh

Mamun

Shears

1993

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThe present study was undertaken to investigate the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in enteric flora in 64 children in rural Bangladesh over a 12-month period. The antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates varied throughout the year and multiple resistance was highest during the post monsoon period. Seventythree percent of children had isolates resistant to more than three antibiotics throughout the year. Resistance to streptomycin was highest (78%), followed closely by ampicillin (72 %). Of 82 multiply resistant isolates, plasmid DNA was demonstrated in 75%. Plasmid sizes ranged between 3-7 and ItI MDa, the commonest plasmids were of 70, 98 and 110 MDa. Complete or partial resistance was transferred by conjugation from 52 % of the isolates, most frequently by single plasmids. The commonest plasmid incompatibility group was FtI-A (46 %) followed by incompatibility group P (22 %). Plasmids of molecular weight 98 MDa most often hybridized with Ft1

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

The prevalence and genetics of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in faecal Enterobacteriaceae from children in Bangladesh

Mamun

Shears

1993

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…Multidrug resistance in V. cholerae O1 isolates has so far been linked to plasmids, and the presence of self-transmissible multidrug-resistant plasmids from 100 to 200 kb has been reported in V. cholerae O1 isolates from Asia, Africa, and Ecuador (10,14,19,33,40,41,43) more recently, in isolates from Albania, Italy, and Brazil (11,15). However, plasmids such those harbored by isolates M1516 and M3030, which encode resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, amikacin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol and, in the case of M1516, to erythromycin, in addition to ␤-lactam antibiotic resistance, have not previously been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmidic Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Isolates in Argentina

Petroni

Corso

Melano

et al. 2002

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Since 1992 there have been seven major outbreaks of cholera in Argentina. Susceptibility analysis of 1,947 isolates (40% of reported cases) of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor suggested the presence of extendedspectrum ␤-lactamases (ESBLs) in 28 isolates. Because of their different susceptibility profiles, V. cholerae isolates M1502, M1516, M1573, and M3030 (all of which are of the Ogawa serotype) were selected for the present study. By susceptibility analysis, isoelectric focusing, and PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, CTX-M-type enzymes were identified in three isolates, whereas a PER-2-type enzyme, in addition to a TEM-1-like enzyme, was identified in the other isolate. The presence of these ESBLs in V. cholerae isolates resulted in MICs well below those commonly observed for members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Genes that encode both ESBLs were transferred to Escherichia coli by conjugation, together with all determinants of resistance to non-␤-lactam antibiotics (gentamicin, kanamycin, and sulfamethoxazole for all isolates; amikacin and streptomycin for three isolates; trimethoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol for two isolates). Plasmid profile analysis and Southern blotting revealed the presence of single plasmids of about 150 kb in the four V. cholerae isolates and their respective transconjugants and revealed that the plasmids harbored genes encoding CTX-M-type or PER-2-type ESBLs. These results strongly suggest the broad spread of these ESBLs among genera belong to families other than the Enterobacteriaceae.

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“…V. cholerae O1 strain 1075/25 carrying a 150-kb plasmid was used as a positive control (43). Electrophoresis and visualization of plasmids were carried out essentially as previously described (33).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O141 Carry the CTX Phage and the Genes Encoding the Toxin-Coregulated Pili

et al. 2001

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We report sporadic cases of a severe gastroenteritis associated with Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141. Like O1 and O139 serogroup strains of V. cholerae isolated from cholera cases, the O141 clinical isolates carry DNA sequences that hybridize to cholera toxin (CT) gene probes. The CT genes of O1 and O139 strains are carried by a filamentous bacteriophage (termed CTX phage) which is known to use toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) as its receptor. In an effort to understand the mechanism of emergence of toxigenic O141 V. cholerae, we probed a collection of O141 clinical and environmental isolates for genes involved in TCP production, toxigenicity, virulence regulation, and other phylogenetic markers. The collection included strains isolated between 1964 and 1995 from diverse geographical locations, including eight countries and five U.S. states. Information collected about the clinical and environmental sources of these isolates suggests that they had no epidemiological association. All clinical O141 isolates hybridized to probes specific for genes encoding CT (ctx), zonula occludens toxin (zot), repetitive sequence 1 (RS1), RTX toxin (rtxA), the major subunit of TCP (tcpA), and the essential regulatory gene that controls expression of both CT and TCP (toxR). In contrast, all but one of the nonclinical O141 isolates were negative for ctx, zot, RS1, and tcpA, although these strains were positive for rtxA and toxR. The one toxigenic environmental O141 isolate was also positive for tcpA. Ribotyping and CT typing showed that the O141 clinical isolates were indistinguishable or closely related, while a toxigenic water isolate from Louisiana showed a distantly related ribotype. Nonclinical O141 isolates displayed a variety of unrelated ribotypes. These data support a model for emergence of toxigenic O141 that involves acquisition of the CTX phage sometime after these strains had acquired the pathogenicity island encoding TCP. The clonal nature of toxigenic O141 strains isolated from diverse geographical locations suggests that the emergence is a rare event but that once it occurs, toxigenic O141 strains are capable of regional and perhaps even global dissemination. This study stresses the importance of monitoring V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroup strains for their virulence gene content as a means of assessing their epidemic potential.The two most important virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae are cholera toxin (CT), a potent enterotoxin, and the toxincoregulated pilus antigen (TCP), an essential intestinal colonization factor (16). These virulence factors are encoded by accessory genetic elements which are nearly always present in clinical isolates of V. cholerae but are frequently absent in strains isolated from environmental sources, such as water or shellfish (6,16,17). The ctxAB genes are located on the CTX genetic element, which is composed of a 4.5-kb central core region flanked by one or more copies of a repetitive sequence (RS1 or RS2) (34). The core and RS2, a portion of the CTX element, are now known to corresp...

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An Epidemic of Vibrio Cholerae el Tor Inaba Resistant to Several Antibiotics with a Conjugative Group C Plasmid Coding for Type II Dihydrofolate Reductase in Thailand

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

The prevalence and genetics of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in faecal Enterobacteriaceae from children in Bangladesh

The prevalence and genetics of resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents in faecal Enterobacteriaceae from children in Bangladesh

Plasmidic Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Isolates in Argentina

Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholerae Serogroup O141 Carry the CTX Phage and the Genes Encoding the Toxin-Coregulated Pili

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