An epidemiological investigation of porcine circovirus 3 infection in dogs in the Guangxi Province from 2015 to 2017, China

Abstract

A B S T R A C TPorcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) is an emerging circovirus species associated with several diseases. The study aimed to investigate the frequency of porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) and its coinfection with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) in dogs in the Guangxi province from 2015 to 2017, China, and to examine the genome diversity of PCV3. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing, 96 of 406 (23.6%)samples were positive for PCV3, 38 out of 406 (9.4%) samples were coinfected with both PCV3 and CPV-2. The CPV-positive rate was significantly higher in the PCV3-positive samples than in the non-PCV3 samples, and the difference was extremely significant (P < 0.01). The complete genome (n=4) and ten capsid genes (n=10) of PCV3 were sequenced. Multiple sequence alignment results showed that these sequences shared 98.5-100% nucleotide similarity with the reference genome sequence and 97.5-100% nucleotide similarity with the reference capsid gene sequence. PCV3 was classified into two different genotypes, according to phylogenetic analysis based on the whole genome. These strains were clustered in PCV3a, showing a close relationship with PCV3-US/SD2016. Surprisingly, we separately analyzed these PCV3 strains from the Guangxi province and found that the dog and pig PCV3 are from different branches. In summary, this was the first seroprevalence and genetic investigation of PCV3 in dogs in the Guangxi province, China, and the first complete genome PCV3 from dogs obtained in the world. The results provide insights into the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this important virus.

Porcine Circovirus Type 3 in Pig Farms Experiencing Diarrhea in Jiangxi, China: Prevalence, Genome Sequence and Pathogenicity

“…However, further study is needed to reveal the pathogenesis of PCV3 associated with diarrhea by a PCV3 infection/disease animal model. In previous reports, the majority of variant PCV3 strains on the capsid protein from cattle and dogs were observed at the positions of D124Y and V206A, respectively [27][28][29]. In the present study, we found that two mutations (V24A and K27R) were present when comparing PCV3a with PCV3b strains, indicating that variations existed in the field PCV3 strains.…”

Lack of Evidence on the Susceptibility of Ticks and Wild Rodent Species to PCV3 Infection

“…Accordingly, PCV3, similar to other PCVs, shows plasticity in host tropism and has also been reported in nonporcine species such as dogs, ruminants and mice [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Moreover, previous studies on PCV2 and PCV3 demonstrated that arthropods and rodents could also be involved in the spread of these viruses [ 11 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Evolution and Genetic Diversity of Porcine Circovirus 3 in China

“…Viral DNA was extracted using the Virus Genomics DNA Isolation Kit (Tianlong Biotech, Suzhou, China) following the manufacturer’s instructions. PCR with pair specific primers (Table 1) was used for detecting PCV3, PCV2, CSFV, and PRRSV [20,21]. PCR conditions were as follows: for each sample 12.5 μL of 2× Taq Master mix (Vazyme Biotech, Shanghai, China), 9.5 μL of double distilled water (ddH2O), 1 μL of template DNA, 0.4 nmol/L forward and 0.4 nmol/L reverse primer were combined.…”