An epidemiological overview of malaria in Bangladesh

Islam, Nazrul; Bonovas, Stefanos; Nikolopoulos, Georgios K.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2013.01.004

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…A much higher malaria incidence rate was found in males than in females in Guangdong, and it was confirmed in the literature that children had lower malaria incidence than adults [ 2 , 29 ]. The changing epidemiology of malaria infection with an increasing proportion of adults and male cases was seen in 34 malaria-eliminating countries [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Malaria incidence from 2005–2013 and its associations with meteorological factors in Guangdong, China

Guo

Yang

et al. 2015

Malar J

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BackgroundThe temporal variation of malaria incidence has been linked to meteorological factors in many studies, but key factors observed and corresponding effect estimates were not consistent. Furthermore, the potential effect modification by individual characteristics is not well documented. This study intends to examine the delayed effects of meteorological factors and the sub-population’s susceptibility in Guangdong, China.MethodsThe Granger causality Wald test and Spearman correlation analysis were employed to select climatic variables influencing malaria. The distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was used to estimate the non-linear and delayed effects of weekly temperature, duration of sunshine, and precipitation on the weekly number of malaria cases after controlling for other confounders. Stratified analyses were conducted to identify the sub-population’s susceptibility to meteorological effects by malaria type, gender, and age group.ResultsAn incidence rate of 1.1 cases per 1,000,000 people was detected in Guangdong from 2005–2013. High temperature was associated with an observed increase in malaria incidence, with the effect lasting for four weeks and a maximum relative risk (RR) of 1.57 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-2.33) by comparing 30°C to the median temperature. The effect of sunshine duration peaked at lag five and the maximum RR was 1.36 (95% CI: 1.08-1.72) by comparing 24 hours/week to 0 hours/week. A J-shaped relationship was found between malaria incidence and precipitation with a threshold of 150 mm/week. Over the threshold, precipitation increased malaria incidence after four weeks with the effect lasting for 15 weeks, and the maximum RR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.18-2.03) occurring at lag eight by comparing 225 mm/week to 0 mm/week. Plasmodium falciparum was more sensitive to temperature and precipitation than Plasmodium vivax. Females had a higher susceptibility to the effects of sunshine and precipitation, and children and the elderly were more sensitive to the change of temperature, sunshine duration, and precipitation.ConclusionTemperature, duration of sunshine and precipitation played important roles in malaria incidence with effects delayed and varied across lags. Climatic effects were distinct among sub-groups. This study provided helpful information for predicting malaria incidence and developing the future warning system.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-015-0630-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Malaria incidence from 2005–2013 and its associations with meteorological factors in Guangdong, China

Guo

Yang

et al. 2015

Malar J

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“…A total of 11 interviews were conducted in Bangladesh of which nine were with healthcare providers from the Chittagong Hill Tracts where the majority of the country’s malaria is reported [ 20 ], and two with policy makers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to routine G6PD testing prior to treatment with primaquine

Ley

Thriemer

Jaswal

et al. 2017

Malar J

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BackgroundPrimaquine is essential for the radical cure of vivax malaria, however its broad application is hindered by the risk of drug-induced haemolysis in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Rapid diagnostic tests capable of diagnosing G6PD deficiency are now available, but these are not used widely.MethodsA series of qualitative interviews were conducted with policy makers and healthcare providers in four vivax-endemic countries. Routine G6PD testing is not part of current policy in Bangladesh, Cambodia or China, but it is in Malaysia. The interviews were analysed with regard to respondents perceptions of vivax malaria, -primaquine based treatment for malaria and the complexities of G6PD deficiency.ResultsThree barriers to the roll-out of routine G6PD testing were identified in all sites: (a) a perceived low risk of drug-induced haemolysis; (b) the perception that vivax malaria was benign and accordingly treatment with primaquine was not regarded as a priority; and, (c) the additional costs of introducing routine testing. In Malaysia, respondents considered the current test and treat algorithm suitable and the need for an alternative approach was only considered relevant in highly mobile and hard to reach populations.ConclusionsGreater efforts are needed to increase awareness of the benefits of the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax and this should be supported by economic analyses exploring the cost effectiveness of routine G6PD testing.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12936-017-1981-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…in the country are ecologically suitable for the presence of vector species of Anopheles [13]. In addition, the social conditions, especially domestic mobility, represent today important issues for clinical diagnosis and treatment of malaria in Colombia, as in other countries [14], especially in children [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe and benign Plasmodium vivax malaria in Emberá (Amerindian) children and adolescents from an endemic municipality in Western Colombia

Medina-Morales

Montoya-Franco

Sanchez-Aristizabal

et al. 2016

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Malaria in children is still an important public health problem in endemic areas of South-East Asia and Latin America. Certain forms of the disease, such as Plasmodium vivax severe malaria, are still neglected. This descriptive study assessed the frequency of severe and benign P. vivax infection in Emberá children (<14 years of age) from an endemic municipality in Colombia in 2013, using the WHO criteria. During 2013, 270 Emberá children presented 349 episodes of malaria. From them, 22 (8.1%) presented at least one of the criteria for severe malaria. Some patients with P. vivax presented with severe malaria (severe anemia, renal dysfunction, respiratory distress and seizure). Mixed malaria cases presented more complications than those with monoinfection (OR=5.535; 95%CI 1.81-16.9). In Colombia, few data are available about severe P. vivax malaria in children, especially in the Amerindian ethnic groups. Mixed infections were associated with increased risk of severe malaria. At the same time, detailed and prospective studies are needed to measure the real impact of severe vivax malaria, as was evidenced in this paper.

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An epidemiological overview of malaria in Bangladesh

Cited by 18 publications

References 73 publications

Malaria incidence from 2005–2013 and its associations with meteorological factors in Guangdong, China

Malaria incidence from 2005–2013 and its associations with meteorological factors in Guangdong, China

Barriers to routine G6PD testing prior to treatment with primaquine

Severe and benign Plasmodium vivax malaria in Emberá (Amerindian) children and adolescents from an endemic municipality in Western Colombia

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