An epizootic of cutaneous zygomycosis in cultured dwarf african clawed frogs (<i>Hymenochirus curtipes</i>) due to<i>Basidiobolus ranarum</i>

Groff, J. M.; Mughannam, Albert J.; McDowell, T. S.; Wong, April S. Y.; Dykstra, Michael J.; Frye, F. L.; Hedrick, Ronald P.

doi:10.1080/02681219180000331

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…In this earlier study, a broth culture of B. ranarum was utilized to inoculate DAF. Importantly, there was no clinical or microbiological evidence of infection in the frogs exposed to the broth cultures of B. ranarum (Groff et al 1991).…”

Section: C T T G a T A T A A T A C A G T G T G C C A T A T G T C A mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, we aimed to more accurately define the etiology of a 1991 peer-reviewed study historically establishing the etiology of a cutaneous fungal epizootic infection in DAF as Basidiobolus ranarum (Groff et al 1991). In this earlier study, a broth culture of B. ranarum was utilized to inoculate DAF.…”

Section: C T T G a T A T A A T A C A G T G T G C C A T A T G T C A mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we document fatal chytridiomycosis lesions and PCR-amplified and cloned Bd sequences isolated from 2 H. curtipes individuals directly purchased from a pet store. In addition, our group re-evaluated the etiology of a published fatal cutaneous mycotic epizootic in H. curtipes from a central California aquaculture facility that occurred from 1985 to 1987 (Groff et al 1991). In this report, the causative my cotic agent was originally identified as Basidiobolus ranarum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are indebted to Dr. Allan Pessier for originally suggesting to J.M.G. that the published etiology in the 1991 report (Groff et al 1991) …”

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Chytridiomycosis in dwarf African frogs Hymenochirus curtipes

2015

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Chytridiomycosis, resulting from an infection with the fungal agent Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has resulted in widespread population declines in both wild and captive amphibians. The dwarf African frog (DAF) Hymenochirus curtipes is native to central Africa and is commonly sold throughout North America as an aquarium pet species. Here we document fatal chytridiomycosis resulting from cutaneous Bd infections in DAF purchased directly from a pet store and from a historical lethal epizootic occurring at an aquaculture facility in central California, USA, more than 25 yr ago. Histological lesions and PCR-amplified sequence data were consistent with the etiology of Bd. The potential epidemiological relevance of this infection in DAF is discussed. KEY WORDS: Frog · Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis · Bd · Hymenochirus · ChytridiomycosisResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher Dis Aquat Org 114: 69-75, 2015 during the 20th century resulted in worldwide dissemination of the chytridiomycete fungal agent (Weldon et al. 2004). Multiple states in the USA now require a permit to purchase ACF. ACF (X. laevis) in the wild do not demonstrate clinical signs of chytridiomycosis, and sudden die-offs of ACF have not been documented (Weldon et al. 2004). However, subclinical infections with Bd have been well documented in captive Xenopus laevis (Reed et al. 2000). In contrast, Bd infection in the related ACF X. tropicalis can result in anorexia and lethargy, cutaneous pigment changes, loss of the cutaneous slime layer and death (Parker et al. 2002). In a survey of archived specimens of 3 different species of Xenopus from 1879 to 1999, the earliest case of chytridiomycosis was found in a Xenopus laevis frog in 1938 (Weldon et al. 2004). This fungal pathogen apparently existed as a stable endemic infection in southern Africa for at least 23 yr before any Bd-infected specimens ap peared outside of Africa (Weldon et al. 2004).Dwarf African frogs are small aquatic frogs native to central Africa that lack both teeth and a tongue and are completely aquatic. Otto Boettger, one of the dwarf African frog discoverers, originally named them African dwarf clawed frogs in recognition of the small black claws on their hind legs. Since these claws are often lost as the frogs mature, these animals are now more commonly re ferred to as dwarf African frogs. There are currently 4 recognized species of Hymenochirus: H. boulengeri, H. curtipes, H. boettgeri, and H. feae (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, www.iucnredlist.org). Currently, there is some controversy over the taxonomic status of H. feae. Both H. boettgeri and H. curtipes are commonly sold in the pet trade. As these animals look very similar to one another, the morphological separation between these 2 species can be challenging. In addition, these frogs are capable of interbreeding and forming hy brids; as a result, some breeders feel that the DAF sold in the pet trade are actually a H. boettgeri × H. curtipes hybrid.The peer-reviewe...

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Section: C T T G a T A T A A T A C A G T G T G C C A T A T G T C A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: C T T G a T A T A A T A C A G T G T G C C A T A T G T C A mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We are indebted to Dr. Allan Pessier for originally suggesting to J.M.G. that the published etiology in the 1991 report (Groff et al 1991) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chytridiomycosis in dwarf African frogs Hymenochirus curtipes

2015

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“…There has been only one other recorded incidence of Basidiobolus sp. causing mass mortality in amphibians (Groff et al, 1991) yet this study, as well as others (Hutchison and Nickerson, 1970;Nicker-son and Hutchison, 1971;Coremans-Pelseneer, 1973;Tills, 1974;Porto and Milanez, 1979;Gugnani and Okafor, 1980;Imwidthaya et al, 1982;Okafor et al, 1984;Cochrane et al, 1989;TeStrake et al, 1989), demonstrated that this fungus is often associated with anurans. The data available still suggests that this fungus normally has a limited capacity to cause disease in these animals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%