An estimate of gas emissions and magmatic gas content from Kilauea volcano

Greenland, L.P.; Rose, William I.; Stokes, J.B.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90196-6

Cited by 134 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Measuring the output and composition of gases at volcanoes has become an increasingly important method for monitoring for approaching magma and impending eruption (Malinconico, 1979;Greenland et al, 1985;McGee and Sutton, 1994;Harris and Rose, 1996;Duffell et al, 2003). Our modeling suggests that changing partition coefficients can complicate the release of gas from rising magma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Volcanic gases released from volcanoes are the only direct measurements of degassing magma, and have been used to infer the abundances of volatiles dissolved in magmas as well as the dynamics of magma degassing (e.g., Greenland et al, 1985;Symonds et al, 1994;Harris and Rose, 1996). In some cases, gas emissions have been correlated with eruptive activity and may even forecast eruptive events (e.g., Malinconico, 1979;McGee and Sutton, 1994;Duffell et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental and model constraints on degassing of magma during ascent and eruption

Gardner¹,

Burgisser²,

Hort³

et al. 2006

Neogene-Quaternary Continental Margin Volcanism: A Perspective From Me´xico

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Surface volcanic gases may reflect volatile budgets of magma and forecast impending eruptions, and their release to the atmosphere may affect climate. The dynamics of magma degassing is complicated, however, by differences in the solubility, partitioning, and diffusion of the various volatiles, all of which can vary with pressure, temperature, and melt composition. To constrain possible gas outputs, we carried out experiments to determine how Cl partitions between water bubbles and silicate melt, and decompression experiments to examine how Cl behaves duringclosed-and open-system degassing. We incorporate our findings and those from the literature for CO 2 and S into a steady, isothermal, and homogeneous flow model to estimate fluxes of gases at the vent from ascending water-rich magma, assuming different scenarios for the onset and development of permeability in bubbly magma. We find that, for given permeability scenarios, total gas fluxes vary with magma flux, but ratios of gas species do not change. The S/Cl and SO 2 /CO 2 ratios do change, however, depending on whether the magma is oxidized or reduced. After magma fragments into a Plinian eruption column gases continue to escape from cooling pumice in the plume, but here the rate of gas release is controlled by diffusion, which varies with temperature.Degassing of pumice and ash was modeled by linking a steady-state plume model, which gives the vertical variation of mean temperature and velocity of particles inside the plume, to a conductive cooling model of pumices, which controls diffusion of Cl, CO 2 , and S in pumice. We find that gas loss increases with column height (mass flux) and initial temperature, because in both cases pumices cool over a longer time period, allowing more gas to diffuse out of the matrix glass. The amount of gas released also depends on the size distribution of particles in the erupting mixture, with less being released for a finely skewed distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and model constraints on degassing of magma during ascent and eruption

Gardner¹,

Burgisser²,

Hort³

et al. 2006

Neogene-Quaternary Continental Margin Volcanism: A Perspective From Me´xico

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show abstract

“…Water is the dominant gas at approximately 80%, and although the more toxic trace gases of H 2 S and halogens can cause acid rain and crop damage from long-term persistent venting, the only significant danger is immediately downwind of a vent before the gases have been diluted in the atmosphere. In continuous eruptions, the hazards from volcanic gases are relatively minor outside of the immediate vicinity of release (Greenland et al, 1985;USGS, 1997).…”

Section: Volcanic Eruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lessons Learned from Natural and Industrial Analogues for Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Geological Formations

Benson¹,

Hepple²,

Apps³

et al. 2002

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“…An offenen Schloten k6nnen Gaskonzentrationen genauer gemessen werden als fiber Gesamtvulkanen, da dort vielf/iltige Reaktionen mit dem Nebengestein auftreten k6nnen (CASADEVALL et al, 1983;GREENLAND et al, 1985;AN-DRES et al, 1991 Abb. 6,S.…”

Section: So2unclassified

Transfer von festen, flüssigen und gasförmigen Stoffen aus Vulkanen in die Atmosphäre

Schmincke¹

1993

UWSF - Z Umweltchem Ökotox

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Zusammenfassung. Die hfiufigsten vulkanischen Volatilen sind H20 , CO2, SO 3 und Halogene. Zusammensetzung, Menge und Injektionsraten von vulkanischen Gasen und Partikeln in die Troposphere und Stratosph~ire h/ingen ab yon der chemischen Zusammensetzung eines Magmas, dem plattentektonischen Milieu sowie Eruptionsmechanismen und Eruptionsraten. l[lber 90 % der eruptierten Magmen sind basaltischer Zusammensetzung mit niedriger Viskositfit, relativ geringen Volatilengehalten und meist niedrigen Eruptionsraten sowie wenig explosiven Eruptionen fiberwiegend entlang der mittelozeanischen Riicken in grot~en Wassertiefen. Magmen in Inselbfgen und Subduktionszonen an Kontinentrfindern sind H20-reich , in anderen plattentektonischen Milieus tiberwiegt in basaltischen Magmen CO 2. In mafischen Magmen ist CO 2 schlecht 16slich und kann daher schon mehrere Kilometer unter der Erdoberfl/iche als Gasphase aus einem Magma entweichen. Felsische (hochdifferenzierte) Magmen, H20-reich und CO2-arm , eruptieren oft hochexplosiv, insbesondere an Subduktionszonen, und mit hohen Eruptionsraten, z.B. E1 Chich6n (Mexiko, 1982) und Pinatubo (Philippinen, 1991. lhre Eruptionss~iulen (Gas-/Partikelgemische) k6nnen bis ca. 40 km H6he erreichen und sind Hauptlieferant der in die Stratusph~ire injizierten Gasmengen.

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An estimate of gas emissions and magmatic gas content from Kilauea volcano

Cited by 134 publications

References 8 publications

Experimental and model constraints on degassing of magma during ascent and eruption

Experimental and model constraints on degassing of magma during ascent and eruption

Lessons Learned from Natural and Industrial Analogues for Storage of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Geological Formations

Transfer von festen, flüssigen und gasförmigen Stoffen aus Vulkanen in die Atmosphäre

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