The integration of intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs) can help alleviate power loss, but also alters the load distribution and thus dynamic network reconfiguration is necessary. DERs can also work as back-up energy resources for restoring loads isolated during an outage. This paper studies the effects of DERs on the network reconfiguration problem based using the decentralized approach given in part I. Dynamic behaviors of the DERs during network restoration are studied as well.Index Terms--decentralized network reconfiguration, network restoration, photovoltaic cells, ultra-capacitor, microgrid.
I. INTRODUCTIONETWORK reconfiguration for minimizing losses is one of the most important features for increasing efficiency and improving system security of an automated distribution system. Distributed generation (DG) technology brings in both challenges and opportunities on the reconfiguration issue. Proper integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) can enhance reliability, help to defer large capital investments, reduce power losses, etc. DERs are also able to restore loads isolated by system faults through the formation of a small microgrids. However, the connecting DERs to distribution systems can cause changes in voltage quality, power flows, etc. Besides, most DERs, such as wind farm and solar plant, are intermittent (stochastic) energy resources, where generation of fluctuates time-to-time due to changes in environmental conditions, so that the load distribution in the system is dynamically changing. Approaches to sizing and placement of DERs in the distribution system are discussed in [1]- [3]. The integration of DERs requires new paradigms for real-time monitoring and analysis [4]. In most scenarios, DERs are treated as negative loads, and their effects can be analyzed as time-varying loads. Opazo et al.[5]-[6] proposed an approach for reconfiguring the topology of power distribution networks taking into account time-varying load demands.In this paper, the decentralized approach presented in [7] is used to reconfigure the distribution system when DERs are