In this paper, the random matrix big data analysis model is thoroughly studied and constructed, the ecological model of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship education is analyzed, and the optimization model of college students’ Innovation and entrepreneurship education environmental model based on the random matrix big data analysis model is designed. This paper briefly explains the random matrix and its M-P rate theory deduces the idea of feature extraction by the difference of eigenvalue limit spectrum distribution between different nonrandom matrices and random matrices, gives the data matrix representation method of FEMPL and the specific feature composition basis, and describes the steps of FEMPL feature extraction. A performance model for predicting the running time of Hadoop jobs is constructed using a random matrix. In this paper, innovation and entrepreneurship education has been carried out gradually, and the innovation and entrepreneurship education curriculum, platform, and mechanism have been progressively established. However, there is still a gap between the proper level of innovation and entrepreneurship education development. This study takes education ecology as the research perspective, analyzes the ecosystem of typical schools of innovation and entrepreneurship education, summarizes the dimensions and parameters of the invention and entrepreneurship education ecosystem, constructs an ecological model of innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students, and analyzes the problems and causes of the current innovation and entrepreneurship education ecology for college students based on the model, to propose specific strategies to promote the ecological development of innovation and entrepreneurship education for college students.