An evaluation of chlorination for the removal of zinc from steelmaking dusts

Jaafar, Izan; Griffiths, Anthony John; Hopkins, Andrew; Steer, Julian Mark; Griffiths, M.; Sapsford, Devin James

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2011.04.026

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Zn is present because galvanized scrap is often used as an additional charge to the process and the Zn is volatilized into the furnace off-gas where it cools and forms zinc oxides and zinc ferrites (e.g., franklinite) in the dusts. The Zn in the dusts is amenable to acidic hydrometallurgical extraction (e.g., Havlik et al [46]) as well as pyrometallurgical extraction (e.g., Jaafar et al [47]) but poor separation between Fe and Zn extraction means that further processing is often required. A major route for recycling scrap is the use of electric arc furnaces.…”

Section: Steel-making Dustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Resource Recovery from Waste Repositories: Exploring the Potential for Mobilization and Capture of Metals from Anthropogenic Ores

Sapsford

Cleall

Harbottle

2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

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Wastes and the waste repositories in which they reside are becoming targets for resource recovery, both for legacy wastes and for future waste arisings as part of a desire to move toward a circular economy. There is an urgent requirement to explore concepts for practicable technologies that can be applied to these ends. This paper presents a synthesis of concepts concerning in situ technologies (developed from mining and contaminated land remediation industries) that have enormous potential for application to technospheric mining. Furthermore, potential target waste streams and their mineralogy and character are presented along with a discussion concerning lixiviant and metal capture systems that could be applied. Issues of preferential flow (critical to the success of in situ techniques) and how to control it with engineering measures are discussed in detail. It is clear that in situ recovery of metals from anthropogenic ores is a novel technology area that links new sustainable remediation approaches for contaminated materials and technospheric mining for closing material loops, and warrants the further research and development of technologies applicable to major waste streams.

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Section: Steel-making Dustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Resource Recovery from Waste Repositories: Exploring the Potential for Mobilization and Capture of Metals from Anthropogenic Ores

Sapsford

Cleall

Harbottle

2016

J. Sustain. Metall.

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“…In the iron and steel industry, over 30 million tonnes of dusts are generated each year [1,2]. Basic oxygen furnace steelmaking (BOS) represents about 57% of the annual steel production worldwide and electric arc furnace (EAF) accounts for 27%, hence more dusts will be produced and this increasing trend is likely to continue [3]. These dusts are categorized as hazardous metallurgical waste in light of the heavy metals contained [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These dusts are categorized as hazardous metallurgical waste in light of the heavy metals contained [4]. BOS plays a key role in steel production where hot metallic iron from blast furnace (BF) and scrap steel is converted to steel [3,5]. The BOS dust contains metal oxides, thus zinc mostly exists as ZnO and ZnFe 2 O 4 while iron is mainly found as Fe, FeO, Fe 2 O 3 , Fe 3 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Butyric Acid Leaching Behaviors of Zinc from Three Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Filter Cakes

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2019

Metals

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The selective leaching of zinc from three different basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) filter cakes by butyric acid was investigated to compare the leaching behaviors of zinc and further to establish the correlation of the zinc leaching performances and the chemical compositions. The effects of acid concentration and the acid to solid (L/S) stoichiometric ratio were studied, with different optimal leaching conditions obtained. BOS-1 showed the lowest leachability with only less than 10% of zinc removed by 0.5 M acid concentration and 90% of the L/S stoichiometric ratio in 10 h. The best zinc selectivity was achieved with BOS-2 at 51.2% of zinc leaching efficiency, with only 0.47% of iron loss under optimal conditions of 1.5 M acid concentration and a 70% stoichiometric ratio. BOS-3 showed the highest leaching of zinc but the optimal conditions depend on the priority consideration. Using 1.0 M acid and 90% stoichiometric ratio for 10 h, the leaching efficiency of zinc was 84.6% with 20% iron loss. The filter cakes and the leaching residues were characterized. The results indicate different zinc and iron leaching behaviors, which were probably related to the storage conditions, zinc containing phases and the leaching parameters.

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“…[13][14][15][16] The EAF Dust treatment has also been assessed through the chemical attack of some chlorinebearing reactants. [17][18][19] In this perspective, the present work addresses, mainly, the chemical behavior of Zn and Fe content in electric arc furnaces dusts as submitted to distinct methods of chlorination. These were selected according to usual and mentioned practices: direct action of chlorine, reducing chlorination, oxidizing roasting with calcium chloride in the presence of graphite in different atmospheres, or still a reaction with gaseous hydrochloric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Zn and Fe Content in Electric Arc Furnace Dust as Submitted to Chlorination Methods

Santos

Brocchi

Araujo

et al. 2015

Metall Mater Trans B

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This work covers initially a general thermodynamics assessment regarding the zinc ferrite (ZnFe 2 O 4 ) behavior toward direct and reducing chlorination. Then, the use of alternative chlorination agents were also theoretically appreciated, before a set of experiments has been carried out with industrial residue (electric arc furnace dust). Besides identifying zinc ferrite (95.4 pct), the XRD analysis indicated the presence of ZnO (4.6 pct). Therefore, the main objective of the present work is related to a theoretical (thermodynamics) and experimental (kinetics) evaluation of the mentioned residue chemical behavior as submitted to chlorination methods. Several characterization methods were used, such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). It was observed that zinc was present, mostly, in the form of zinc ferrite (franklinite). The thermodynamics study revealed that Zn has a more susceptible behavior regarding the oxides conversion into chlorides. However, this tendency is not necessarily associated with a selective reaction, as showed for the chlorination in the presence of carbon, as both iron and zinc chlorides formation is feasible. The experimental results have indicated that some reaction systems can be further studied in order to identify operational conditions that enable selective formations. So, it was observed that for the calcium chloride reaction conducted at 1273 K (1000°C) for 30 minutes, the iron content in the residue slightly increases (with 15 pct removal), whereas the zinc content decreases from 20 to 12 pct (53 pct removal), suggesting complementary studies where this possible selectivity could be even more determinant. Such results have also indicated that the direct action of chlorine at 1073 K (800°C) allowed complete removal of zinc, followed by conversion in the order of 40 pct in iron. Therefore, a complementary investigation over these alternatives is identified as a promising option in the field of electric arc furnace dust treatment, particularly when the Zn content is very low.

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An evaluation of chlorination for the removal of zinc from steelmaking dusts

Cited by 46 publications

References 6 publications

In Situ Resource Recovery from Waste Repositories: Exploring the Potential for Mobilization and Capture of Metals from Anthropogenic Ores

In Situ Resource Recovery from Waste Repositories: Exploring the Potential for Mobilization and Capture of Metals from Anthropogenic Ores

Comparison of Butyric Acid Leaching Behaviors of Zinc from Three Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Filter Cakes

Behavior of Zn and Fe Content in Electric Arc Furnace Dust as Submitted to Chlorination Methods

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