An evaluation of COVID-19 serological assays informs future diagnostics and exposure assessment

GeurtsvanKessel, Corine H.; Okba, Nisreen M.A.; Iglói, Zsófia; Bogers, Susanne; Embregts, Carmen W.E.; Laksono, Brigitta M.; Leijten, Lonneke; Rokx, Casper; Rijnders, Bart J. A.; Rahamat‐Langendoen, Janette; Akker, Johannes P. C. van den; Kampen, Jeroen J. A. van; Eijk, Annemiek A. van der; Binnendijk, Rob van; Haagmans, Bart L.; Koopmans, Marion

doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17317-y

Cited by 348 publications

(441 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…For the human samples, diagnostic RT-PCR was performed for the E and the RdRp gene (42). In addition, serology was performed, using the Wantai Ig total and IgM ELISA, following the manufacturer's instructions (43). For all samples with a Ct value <32, sequencing was performed using a SARS-CoV-2 specific multiplex PCR for Nanopore sequencing, as previously described (3).…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Diagnostics and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms

Munnink

Sikkema

Nieuwenhuijse

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The zoonotic origin of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still unknown. Animal experiments have shown that non-human primates, cats, ferrets, hamsters, rabbits and bats can be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in felids, mink and dogs in the field. Here, we describe an in-depth investigation of outbreaks on 16 mink farms and humans living or working on these farms, using whole genome sequencing. We conclude that the virus was initially introduced from humans and has evolved, most likely reflecting widespread circulation among mink in the beginning of the infection period several weeks prior to detection. At the moment, despite enhanced biosecurity, early warning surveillance and immediate culling of infected farms, there is ongoing transmission between mink farms with three big transmission clusters with unknown modes of transmission. We also describe the first animal to human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in mink farms.One sentence summarySARS-CoV-2 transmission on mink farms.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Diagnostics and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms

Munnink

Sikkema

Nieuwenhuijse

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Neutralization of live SARS-CoV-2 was measured by PRNT at day 30 post-vaccination in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Similar protocols have been published previously for SARS-CoV-2 [48]. Briefly, mouse sera were serially diluted from 1:20 to 1:320 in culture media and incubated with the Singapore isolate of SARS-CoV-2 virus for 1 hr at 37C.…”

Section: Plaque Reduction Neutralization Titer (Prnt)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Single Dose of Self-Transcribing and Replicating RNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Produces Protective Adaptive Immunity In Mice

Alwis

Gan

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A self-transcribing and replicating RNA (STARR™) based vaccine (LUNAR®-COV19) has been developed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vaccine encodes an alphavirus-based replicon and the SARS-CoV-2 full length spike glycoprotein. Translation of the replicon produces a replicase complex that amplifies and prolong SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein expression. A single prime vaccination in mice led to robust antibody responses, with neutralizing antibody titers increasing up to day 60. Activation of cell mediated immunity produced a strong viral antigen specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response. Assaying for intracellular cytokine staining for IFN-γ and IL-4 positive CD4+ T helper lymphocytes as well as anti-spike glycoprotein IgG2a/IgG1 ratios supported a strong Th1 dominant immune response. Finally, single LUNAR-COV19 vaccination at both 2 μg and 10 μg doses completely protected human ACE2 transgenic mice from both mortality and even measurable infection following wild-type SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our findings collectively suggest the potential of Lunar-COV19 as a single dose vaccine.

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“…5,6 Serologic detection of patient derived antibodies can be used to track SARS-CoV-2 progression and immunity, but has limited early detection ability. [6][7][8] Direct detection of SARS-CoV-2 has been proposed in scalable, rapidly deployed formats, but often suffers from low sensitivity that limits effectivity in general population testing. 9,10 Thus, the discovery of additional reagents to enable early and rapid SARS-CoV-2 detection and/or neutralization is critical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De NovoDiscovery of High Affinity Peptide Binders for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

Pomplun

Jbara

Quartararo

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic. Affinity reagents targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the most exposed surface structure of the virus, are of interest for the development of therapeutics and diagnostics. We used affinity selection-mass spectrometry for the rapid discovery of synthetic high affinity peptide binders for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. From library screening with 800 million synthetic peptides, we identified three sequences with nanomolar affinities (dissociation constants Kd = 80 to 970 nM) for RBD and selectivity over human serum proteins. Picomolar RBD concentrations in biological matrix could be detected using the biotinylated lead peptide in ELISA format. These peptides might associate with the SARS-CoV-2-spike-RBD at a site unrelated to ACE2 binding, making them potential orthogonal reagents for sandwich immunoassays. We envision our discovery as a robust starting point for the development of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics or conjugates for virus directed delivery of therapeutics.Abstract Figure

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An evaluation of COVID-19 serological assays informs future diagnostics and exposure assessment

Cited by 348 publications

References 9 publications

Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms

Jumping back and forth: anthropozoonotic and zoonotic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 on mink farms

A Single Dose of Self-Transcribing and Replicating RNA Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Produces Protective Adaptive Immunity In Mice

De NovoDiscovery of High Affinity Peptide Binders for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

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