An Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Antiviral Activities of Some Bryophytes

Abstract

THIS STUDY screen the antibacterial and antiviral activities of some bryophytes extracts. The pathogenic bacteria Listeria monocytogenes LMG 10470 (L. monocytogenes), Escherichia coli LMG 8223 (E. coli), Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 (B. cereus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa LMG 8029 (P. aeruginosa) were inhibited by the aqueous methanolic extracts (ME) of Imbibryum sp., Barbula convoluta and Trichostomum sp.. The mixture of Imbibryum sp.extract and tetracycline have synergistic effect against P. aeruginosa while the mixing of Trichostomum sp. extract with tetracycline has antagonistic effect against P. aeruginosa.Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of P. aeruginosa, treated with ME of Barbula convolute, Imbibryum sp. and Trichostomum sp.indicated sheath surrounded the bacteria, signs of irregular wrinkled outer surface, adhesion and aggregation of damaged cells, malformations in bacterial shape compared to untreated bacterial control. The bryophyte species screened exhibiting considerable antiviral activity against zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), so the bryophytes have been identified as a new source of antiviral activity. The highest degree of antiviral activity was shown ME of Barbula convoluta, Imbibryum sp. and Trichostomum sp.against ZYMV (94, 92 and 90%, respectively). The tested cucumber plants which mechanically infected by ZYMV and treated with different extracts of the most potent bryophytes (Imbibryum sp), contain high amount of phenolic compounds. The highest contents of total phenol are detected in infected cucumber plant, which treated with benzene extract of Imbibryum sp.,(3.48 mg/g fresh wt) followed by methanol extract (3.19 mg/g fresh wt). The bryophytes extracts have no toxic effect in Wistar Albino rats.

Recent Advances in the Phytochemistry of Bryophytes: Distribution, Structures and Biological Activity of Bibenzyl and Bisbibenzyl Compounds

“…Bisbibenzyl compounds show a number of bioactivities like antibacterial [ 94 ], antiviral [ 47 , 95 , 96 ], antifungal [ 94 , 97 , 98 ], cytotoxic [ 18 , 23 , 42 , 99 ], antioxidant [ 18 , 19 , 100 ], neuroprotective [ 81 ], antivenomous [ 101 ], HAT treatment [ 102 ], muscle relaxing [ 103 ] and others. Bibenzyl and bisbibenzyl compounds involved in diverse types of bioactivities, as established through in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies, are the main contents of the discussion below.…”

“…Two acyclic bisbibenzyls were obtained from M. paleacea subsp. diptera, i.e., paleatin A and paleatin B (95)(96), where rings A and C, and B and D, are connected through oxygen bonds. Paleatin B (96) differs from A due toan additional methyl group [21].…”

“…Cyclic bisbibenzyls (marchantin A (1), B (2), D (147), E (4), riccardin C (15), isoriccardin C (83), acyclic bisbibenzyls (paleatin B, 95), bibenzyls (perrottetin D, 10 and radulanin H, 14) and NDGA were tested to see the inhibition efficacy in the key enzymes cyclooxygenase and 5-lipooxygenase 5-(LOX) of the arachidonic acid cascade. Acyclic paleatin B (95) showed the highest activity due to its best fit into the active site of the enzyme and is additionally stabilized by its lipophilic chain. Perrottetin D (10) also possessed the same activity, but it functions as a radical trap, existing as a free radical itself under the elevated temperature of the assay.…”

Induced Resistance to Potato Virus Y Potyvirus by Plant Extracts and Salicylic Acid

“…Systemic and local symptoms were induced on potato, Ch. amranticolor, N.tabacum and pepper (Visser et al, 2012 ;Eraky et al, 2014 ;Abdel-Shafi et al, 2017).…”

“…It has been revealed that PVY strains are closely associated with different degrees of pathogenicity where the most important and common are known to be recombinant (Visser et al, 2012). Primary symptoms of PVY are necrosis or yellowing of leaflets, leaf dropping or sometimes premature death (Eraky et al, 2014 andAbdel-Shafi et al, 2017). In Egypt, PVY was isolated from different crops such as potato, pepper, gladiolus and tomato (Ahmad, 2005 andAl-Nagar, 2007).…”