An evaluation of the simulation of the edge of the Antarctic vortex by  chemistry-climate models

Struthers, H.; Bodeker, G. E.; Austin, J.; Bekki, Slimane; Cionni, Irene; Dameris, Martin; Giorgetta, Marco; Grewe, Volker; Lefèvre, Franck; Lott, François; Manzini, Elisa; Peter, Thomas; Rozanov, Eugene; Schraner, M.

doi:10.5194/acpd-8-20155-2008

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…The simulation with observed SSTs had an ozone hole about 17% smaller than observed, possibly because the simulated Antarctic vortex edge may not be as sharp as observed [ Struthers et al , 2009]. The discrepancy for the simulation with model SSTs was smaller (11%) but the precise mechanism whereby these differences occurred could not be pinpointed with the limited number of simulations completed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The low bromine case simulated here represented only the long‐lived bromine sources. Consequently, many of the previous simulations in the work of Eyring et al [2006] will have had ozone holes which are too small because of the underestimate of bromine and because the vortex may not be as sharp as observed Struthers et al [2009], in addition to any other weaknesses. Because of the close relationship between ozone mass deficit and ozone hole area, models biased low in bromine will also likely show a low bias in simulated ozone mass deficit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the chemistry‐climate models (CCMs) which treat stratospheric processes to the best of our current abilities [e.g., Eyring et al , 2006], the simulated Antarctic ozone hole was typically found to be much smaller in area than observed. One reason for this is that most models underpredicted the amount of active chlorine in polar regions, partly due to inaccuracies in the simulation of the vortex edge region [e.g., Struthers et al , 2009] as well as differences in the photolysis of the source molecules. An additional reason is that for the simulations presented by Eyring et al, many of the participating models did not specify sufficient bromine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2]. CCMs are beset by additional problems in that the simulated Antarctic vortex is too leaky [ Struthers et al , 2009] and lasts longer into summer than observed [ Eyring et al , 2006, Figure 2]. These would tend to have opposite effects on the ozone hole, with the former leading to a less severe ozone hole but the latter maintaining the low ozone longer or even extending the period of actual destruction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of polar ozone to sea surface temperatures and halogen amounts

Austin

Wilson

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Coupled chemistry-climate model simulations are presented for the period 1951-2099 and 1951-2007. The model includes a tested parameterization for the production of active halogens from the source molecules. In run 1 the observed levels of chlorine and bromine are specified, as well as the sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. Run 2 is identical to run 1 but observed SSTs are specified instead of model SSTs. In run 3 the bromine amount is reduced by 25% but otherwise the simulation is identical to run 2. The results show that the ozone hole is sensitive to SSTs and bromine amounts. For the period 1990-2007, when the ozone hole was fully developed, the area of the ozone hole was simulated to be largest in run 1 (11% smaller than observed), compared with underpredictions of 17% and 27% for runs 2 and 3, respectively. The effect of SSTs (difference between runs 1 and 2) is shown to arise from changes in the strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, which is weaker for the simulation with model SSTs. The sensitivity of the model results to bromine (difference between runs 2 and 3) indicates the need to include realistic bromine amounts as well as chlorine and may explain, in part, the substantial underpredictions of the ozone hole area in previous simulations. The results also suggest that a small residual ozone hole may still be present after 2070 and that the ozone hole may not disappear entirely this century.Citation: Austin, J., and R. J. Wilson (2010), Sensitivity of polar ozone to sea surface temperatures and halogen amounts,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of polar ozone to sea surface temperatures and halogen amounts

Austin

Wilson

2010

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…The remaining methane excess in the Lagrangian model version E39C-A suggests that the simulated descent inside the polar vortices is not strong enough which may be regarded as an effect of the low upper boundary (see also Hein et al, 2001). Additionally, the study of Struthers et al (2008) indicated that the transport barrier at the polar vortex is too weak in both model versions, E39C and E39C-A.…”

Section: Stratospheric Methanementioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of Lagrangian transport for simulations with a coupled chemistry-climate model

et al. 2009

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Abstract. For the first time a purely Lagrangian transport algorithm is applied in a fully coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM). We use the numerically non-diffusive Lagrangian scheme ATTILA instead of the operational semi-Lagrangian scheme for the transport of water vapour, cloud water and chemical trace species in the CCM E39C. The new model version including the Lagrangian scheme is referred to as E39C-A. The implications of the Lagrangian transport scheme for stratospheric model dynamics and tracer distributions in E39C-A are evaluated by comparison with observations and results of the previous model version E39C. We found in a previous paper that several deficiencies in stratospheric dynamics in E39C originate from a pronounced modelled wet bias and an associated cold bias in the extra-tropical lowermost stratosphere. Contrary to the semi-Lagrangian scheme ATTILA shows a largely reduced meridional transport of water vapour from the tropical upper troposphere into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere. The reduction of the moisture and temperature bias in E39C-A leads to a significant advancement of stratospheric dynamics in terms of the mean state as well as annual and interannual variability. In this study we show that as a consequence of both, the favourable numerical characteristics of the Lagrangian transport scheme and the improved model dynamics, E39C-A generally shows more realistic distributions of chemical trace species: Compared to E39C high stratospheric chlorine (Cly) concentrations extend further downward. Therefore E39C-A realistically covers the altitude of maximum ozone depletion in the stratosphere. The location of the ozonopause, i.e. the transition from low tropospheric to high stratospheric ozone values, is also clearly improved in E39C-A. Not only the spatial distribution but also the temporal evolution of stratospheric Cly in the past is realistically reproduced in E39C-A which is an important step towards a more reliable projection of future changes, especially of stratospheric ozone. Despite a large number of improvements there are still remaining model deficiencies like a general overestimation of total column ozone.

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An evaluation of the simulation of the edge of the Antarctic vortex by chemistry-climate models

Cited by 2 publications

References 75 publications

Sensitivity of polar ozone to sea surface temperatures and halogen amounts

Sensitivity of polar ozone to sea surface temperatures and halogen amounts

Implications of Lagrangian transport for simulations with a coupled chemistry-climate model

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