An Evaluation of the Standardized Chipping Hammer Test Specified in ISO 8662-2

Dong, Ren G.; McDowell, Thomas W.; Welcome, Daniel E.; Warren, Christopher; Schopper, Aaron W.

doi:10.1093/annhyg/meg077

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A coherence analysis of the triaxial vibrations was carried out using the vibration data measured in our previous studies on many powered hand tools such as grinders, sanders, chipping hammers, jack hammers, riveting hammers, impact wrenches and vibrating forks (Dong et al, “Evaluation of the Standardized Chipping Hammer Test,” 2004; McDowell et al 2008, 2009, 2012, 2013). The analysis found that the coherence values at the dominant vibration frequencies of these tools generally fall in the range of 0.5–0.9.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration-reducing gloves: transmissibility at the palm of the hand in three orthogonal directions

et al. 2013

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Vibration-reducing (VR) gloves are commonly used as a means to help control exposures to hand-transmitted vibrations generated by powered hand tools. The objective of this study was to characterise the vibration transmissibility spectra and frequency-weighted vibration transmissibility of VR gloves at the palm of the hand in three orthogonal directions. Seven adult males participated in the evaluation of seven glove models using a three-dimensional hand–arm vibration test system. Three levels of hand coupling force were applied in the experiment. This study found that, in general, VR gloves are most effective at reducing vibrations transmitted to the palm along the forearm direction. Gloves that are found to be superior at reducing vibrations in the forearm direction may not be more effective in the other directions when compared with other VR gloves. This casts doubts on the validity of the standardised glove screening test. Practitioner Summary This study used human subjects to measure three-dimensional vibration transmissibility of vibration-reducing gloves at the palm and identified their vibration attenuation characteristics. This study found the gloves to be most effective at reducing vibrations along the forearm direction. These gloves did not effectively attenuate vibration along the handle axial direction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration-reducing gloves: transmissibility at the palm of the hand in three orthogonal directions

et al. 2013

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“…In the cases of large tools such as chipping hammers, road breakers, and rock drills, additional grip force may also be applied to increase the stability of the adapter. While increasing the push/feed force could change the tool vibrations [40], the increased grip force is unlikely to significantly change the vibrations of these tools.Apply vibration transmissibility spectra measured in laboratory human subject tests as correction factors for reducing measurement errors. The glove-induced errors in the palm adapter method and the glove-held adapter method are systematic and measurable in laboratory human subject tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of the handheld adapter approach for measuring hand-transmitted vibration exposure

Dong

Welcome

et al. 2014

Measurement

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The use of a handheld adapter equipped with a tri-axial accelerometer is the most convenient and efficient approach for measuring vibration exposure at the hand-tool interface, especially when the adapter is incorporated into a miniature handheld or wrist-strapped dosimeter. To help optimize the adapter approach, the specific aims of this study are to identify and understand the major sources and mechanisms of measurement errors and uncertainties associated with using these adapters, and to explore their improvements. Five representative adapter models were selected and used in the experiment. Five human subjects served as operators in the experiment on a hand-arm vibration test system. The results of this study confirm that many of the handheld adapters can produce substantial overestimations of vibration exposure, and measurement errors can significantly vary with tool, adapter model, mounting position, mounting orientation, and subject. Major problems with this approach include unavoidable influence of the hand dynamic motion on the adapter, unstable attachment, insufficient attachment contact force, and inappropriate adapter structure. However, the results of this study also suggest that measurement errors can be substantially reduced if the design and use of an adapter can be systematically optimized toward minimizing the combined effects of the identified factors. Some potential methods for improving the design and use of the adapters are also proposed and discussed.

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“…Consequently, a layer of synthetic rubber was used as a mechanical filter to minimize or eliminate the DC shift. This synthetic rubber layering technique has been proven to be successful in several earlier experiments involving impact tools (Dong et al, 2004; McDowell et al, 2009, 2012). The effectiveness of this accelerometer installation technique was verified in the previous NIOSH bucking bar study by conducting a series of simultaneous vibration data collection trials with each bucking bar using a laser vibrometer along with the installed accelerometers (McDowell et al, 2015).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dong et al (2005) found that the push force, or feed force, has a more pronounced effect on the hand-arm system biodynamic response than does grip force. Feed force has also been shown to be a significant factor in measurements of tool vibrations during standardized vibration assessments of percussive tools (Dong et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of feed force on rivet bucking bar vibrations

McDowell

Xü

Warren

et al. 2018

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

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Percussive riveting is the primary process for attaching the outer sheet metal “skins” of an aircraft to its airframe. Workers using manually-operated riveting tools (riveting hammers and rivet bucking bars) are exposed to significant levels of hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) and are at risk of developing components of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). To protect workers, employers can assess and select riveting tools that produce reduced HTV exposures. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) have developed a laboratory-based apparatus and methodology to evaluate the vibrations of rivet bucking bars. Using this simulated riveting approach, this study investigated the effects of feed force on the vibrations of several typical rivet bucking bars and that transmitted to the bucking bar operator’s wrist. Five bucking bar models were assessed under three levels of feed force. The study results demonstrate that the feed force can be a major influencing factor on bucking bar vibrations. Similar feed force effects were observed at the bucking bar operator’s wrist. This study also shows that different bucking bar designs will respond differently to variations in feed force. Some bucking bar designs may offer reduced vibration exposures to the bar operator’s fingers while providing little attenuation of wrist acceleration. Knowledge of how rivet bucking bar models respond to riveting hammer vibrations can be important for making informed bucking bar selections. The study results indicate that, to help in the appropriate selection of bucking bars, candidate bar models should be evaluated at multiple feed force levels. The results also indicate that the bucking bar model, feed force level, or the bucking bar operator have no meaningful effects on the vibration excitation (riveting hammer), which further suggests that the test apparatus proposed by NIOSH researchers meets the basic requirements for a stable vibration source in laboratory-based bucking bar vibration assessments. This study provides relevant information that can be used to help develop a standardized laboratory-based bucking bar evaluation methodology and to help in the selection of appropriate bucking bars for various workplace riveting applications. Relevance to Industry: Because the feed force level can affect HTV exposures to bucking bar operators, the feed force required for specific riveting operations should be an important consideration when selecting bucking bar models. This study provides useful information about bucking bar responses to riveting hammer vibrations; this knowledge can improve bucking bar selections.

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An Evaluation of the Standardized Chipping Hammer Test Specified in ISO 8662-2

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Vibration-reducing gloves: transmissibility at the palm of the hand in three orthogonal directions

Vibration-reducing gloves: transmissibility at the palm of the hand in three orthogonal directions

An examination of the handheld adapter approach for measuring hand-transmitted vibration exposure

The effects of feed force on rivet bucking bar vibrations

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