An Evidence-Based Review of Acute and Long-Term Effects of Cannabis Use on Executive Cognitive Functions

Crean, Rebecca D.; Crane, Natania A.; Mason, Barbara J.

doi:10.1097/adm.0b013e31820c23fa

Cited by 580 publications

(450 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In high doses, paranoia and psychosis can occur [137,269]. Long-term use of recreational cannabis in adolescents is associated with addiction (9 % overall but 17 % among adolescents) and impaired cognitive and academic performance [270][271][272][273][274]. Additionally, cannabis treatment in animal and human studies altered brain development (especially with use in early childhood) and structure [272,[275][276][277], creating long-lasting functional and structural brain abnormalities [277][278][279].…”

Section: Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids and Epilepsy

et al. 2015

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Cannabis has been used for centuries to treat seizures. Recent anecdotal reports, accumulating animal model data, and mechanistic insights have raised interest in cannabisbased antiepileptic therapies. In this study, we review current understanding of the endocannabinoid system, characterize the pro-and anticonvulsive effects of cannabinoids [e.g., Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol (CBD)], and highlight scientific evidence from pre-clinical and clinical trials of cannabinoids in epilepsy. These studies suggest that CBD avoids the psychoactive effects of the endocannabinoid system to provide a well-tolerated, promising therapeutic for the treatment of seizures, while whole-plant cannabis can both contribute to and reduce seizures. Finally, we discuss results from a new multicenter, open-label study using CBD in a population with treatment-resistant epilepsy. In all, we seek to evaluate our current understanding of cannabinoids in epilepsy and guide future basic science and clinical studies.

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Section: Safety Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabinoids and Epilepsy

et al. 2015

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“…In addition to reduced learning, heavy cannabis use is also associated with a decreased mental flexibility, increased perseveration and reduced ability to sustain attention [66]. Long-term heavy cannabis users show impairments in memory and attention that, depending on the task analysed, might be reversible [67], although in some cases they persist beyond the period of intoxication and get worse with increasing years of regular cannabis use [68].…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying Memory Modulation By the Endocannabinomentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and intracellular mechanisms involved in the cognitive impairment of cannabinoids

Puighermanal

Busquets-García

Maldonado

et al. 2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Exogenous cannabinoids, such as delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as the modulation of endogenous cannabinoids, affect cognitive function through the activation of cannabinoid receptors. Indeed, these compounds modulate a number of signalling pathways critically implicated in the deleterious effect of cannabinoids on learning and memory. Thus, the involvement of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinases, together with their consequent regulation of cellular processes such as protein translation, play a critical role in the amnesic-like effects of cannabinoids. In this study, we summarize the cellular and molecular mechanisms reported in the modulation of cognitive function by the endocannabinoid system.

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“…Su uso se ha relacionado con deterioros cognitivos observables en numerosas funciones ejecutivas como la capacidad para planificar, resolver problemas, tomar decisiones, así como recordar y controlar las emociones y la conducta (Crean, Crane, y Mason, 2011). Consumirlo de forma habitual se ha asociado también con la realización de conductas de riesgo (Baño Rodrigo et al, 2004) y con una mayor probabilidad de padecer trastornos psicopatológicos como depresión, síndrome amotivacional y trastornos psicóticos (Rubino, Zamberletti, y Parolaro, 2011).…”

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Adaptación y validación española del Adolescent-Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ-A)

et al. 2012

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Cannabis is a widely used substance among adolescents and young adults, but demand for help and treatment from this age group continues to be low. It is therefore essential to develop instruments especially designed for the early detection of problems associated with cannabis use in this population. The purpose of this work is to adapt and validate the CPQ-A (Adolescent Cannabis Problems Questionnaire) for its use as a screening instrument in Spanish population. The sample was made up of 144 young people (71.5% male) aged 16 to 20 (M = 17.12; SD = 1.17) who had used cannabis in the last month and were on some kind of study or training course at various educational institutions in Asturias (a region in northern Spain). Factor analysis of the CPQ-A in this sample provides evidence of a unidimensional structure, with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.86 for the questionnaire. The evidence also shows that the instrument's convergent validity is good. The CPQ-A score permits discrimination between moderate and excessive cannabis users over the last month, is positively related to score on the CAST (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test), and presents adequate sensitivity and specificity for identifying cases of cannabis abuse and dependence according to the DSM IV-TR criteria. It is also sensitive to young people's degree of concern about cannabis use and the psychopathological effects associated with it. In accordance with the results obtained, the CPQ-A can be considered a useful screening tool for young cannabis users with problems.Key words: cannabis, marijuana, screening, psychometrics, young people. Key words: cannabis, marijuana, screening, psychometrics, young people. Key words:El cannabis es una sustancia cuyo consumo está altamente extendido entre jóvenes y adolescentes. Sin embargo, la demanda de ayuda y tratamiento en esas edades sigue siendo baja. En estas condiciones resulta esencial el desarrollo de instrumentos especialmente diseñados para la detección precoz de los problemas asociados al consumo de cannabis en esa población. El propósito de este trabajo es adaptar y validar en población española el CPQ-A (AdolescentCannabis Problems Questionnaire) como herramienta de screening. La muestra utilizada está formada por 144 jóvenes (71,4% chicos), con edades comprendidas entre 16 y 20 años (M = 17,12; M = 17,12; M DT = 1,17), que DT = 1,17), que DT habían consumido cannabis en el último mes, y que se encontraban cursando algún tipo de formación en diversos centros educativos de Asturias. El análisis factorial del CPQ-A en esta muestra apunta a una solución unidimensional, con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0,86 para el total del cuestionario. Las evidencias de validez convergente de la prueba son buenas. La puntuación en el CPQ-A permite discriminar entre consumidores de cannabis moderados y excesivos en el último mes, está positivamente relacionada con el CAST (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test) y presenta una sensibilidad y especificidad adecuadas para determinar casos de abuso y dependencia del cannabis según los criterios del DSM ...

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An Evidence-Based Review of Acute and Long-Term Effects of Cannabis Use on Executive Cognitive Functions

Cited by 580 publications

References 59 publications

Cannabinoids and Epilepsy

Cannabinoids and Epilepsy

Cellular and intracellular mechanisms involved in the cognitive impairment of cannabinoids

Adaptación y validación española del Adolescent-Cannabis Problems Questionnaire (CPQ-A)

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