“…Sequentially, the level set methods (LSMs) were applied to X-FEM which could easily track both the crack position and tips (Stolarska et al, 2001). Moreover, the X-FEM has much more applications (Ahmed et al, 2012;Areias et al, 2005;Belytschko et al, 2003;Chessa et al, 2002;Huynh et al, 2009;J.-H. Song et al, 2006;Sukumar et al, 2001;Zhuang et al, 2011;Zilian et al, 2008). More details of the development of X-FEM can be found in the literature (Abdelaziz et al, 2008;Belytschko et al, 2009;Fries et al, 2010).…”