An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors on the Mental Health of First- and Second-generation Immigrant Adults during an Exclusionary Policy Context in the United States

Held, Mary Lehman; Rai, Abha; Huslage, Melody; Ayalew, Yigermal Demissie

doi:10.1080/26408066.2022.2041519

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Extensive research (Asad, 2020a(Asad, , 2020bBecerra et al, 2020;Eskenazi et al, 2019;Held et al, 2022;Rodriguez, 2019) has demonstrated that it remains worthwhile to directly consider if Former President Donald Trump's administration affected the mental health of Latinxs early in the pandemic. Xenophobic rhetoric surrounding Mexican and other immigration and racially targeted U.S. immigration enforcement activities both have a long history in the United States (Molina, 2014;Ngai, 2004;Sampaio, 2015).…”

Section: The Trump Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have demonstrated how national and subnational immigration policies and practices are social determinants that affect the health of immigrants, their loved ones, and larger communities of color such as Latinx people (Gomez-Aguinaga et al, 2021;Morey et al, 2021;Viruell-Fuentes et al, 2012). For example, Latinx adults reported higher levels of stress about immigration policy, concerns regarding possible deportations, and worse mental health during the Trump Administration (2016Administration ( -2020 than during earlier presidential administrations (Asad, 2020a(Asad, , 2020bBecerra et al, 2020;Chavez et al, 2019;Eskenazi et al, 2019;Held et al, 2022;Tran et al, 2022). Yet, it remains less clear how SDOH factors such as the national-level immigration policy regime, the specific sociopolitical climate vis-à-vis Trump, and pandemic-related financial and health stressors might have simultaneously influenced the mental health of Latinx adults in the height of the pandemic, net of other factors.…”

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confidence: 99%

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An intersectional and social determinants of health framework for understanding Latinx psychological distress in 2020: Disentangling the effects of immigration policy and practices, the Trump Administration, and COVID-19-specific factors.

McConnell¹,

Sheehan²,

Lopez³

2023

Journal of Latinx Psychology

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The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted U.S. communities of color, such as the Latino/x population. The pandemic coincides with other major contemporary structural factors affecting Latinxs, including the effects of U.S. immigration policies and President Trump's xenophobic rhetoric and priorities. Yet, the independent and simultaneous implications of the larger sociopolitical climate and specific COVID-19 concerns for Latinx mental health remain less clear. The present study uses an intersectional and social determinants of health framework to examine these relationships. Multivariable regression models were estimated with three waves of population-based panel data from the Pew American Trends Study (collected between 2019 and 2020) with Latinx adults (n = 1,132). We simultaneously examined how worries regarding deportation, respondents' citizenship and legal status, perceptions regarding the Trump Administration, anti-Hispanic discrimination, and pandemicrelated concerns predicted variation in Latinx self-reported psychological distress, after adjusting for other important covariates. We also conducted analyses separately by gender. The results indicated that worrying about a family member or a friend being deported, perceiving higher anti-Hispanic discrimination, and viewing coronavirus as a threat to respondents' personal health and finances were significantly associated with higher levels of psychological distress. Stratified analyses revealed that gender filters the ways that some of these stressors affect the mental health of Latinas, such as perceived threats about deportation, compared to Latinos. Taken together, this work demonstrates the diverse social determinants shaping Latinx mental health in intersectional ways early in the pandemic. Public Significance StatementThis study finds that worries about deportation, perceptions of anti-Hispanic discrimination, and having higher levels of COVID-19-related financial and health concerns were significantly associated with increased psychological distress among Latinxs in Spring 2020, net of other covariates. Gender-stratified analyses reveal that worries about deportation, legal and citizenship status, and pandemic-related effects on This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.

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Section: The Trump Administrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An intersectional and social determinants of health framework for understanding Latinx psychological distress in 2020: Disentangling the effects of immigration policy and practices, the Trump Administration, and COVID-19-specific factors.

McConnell¹,

Sheehan²,

Lopez³

2023

Journal of Latinx Psychology

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“…Many immigrants of both generations have long contended with the stress of living under exclusionary immigration policies (Dreby, 2015;Getrich, 2013). Yet, the stress was exacerbated during the Trump administration due to heightened exclusionary immigration policies and the extraordinary stress of a global pandemic (Berger Cardoso et al, 2021;Canizales & Vallejo, 2021;Held et al, 2022c;Verea, 2018;Wang & Kaushal, 2019). A core foundation of the Trump presidential campaign was building a wall at the U.S.-Mexico border as one of multiple strategies to prevent immigrant entry (Verney, 2018).…”

Section: Exclusionary Policy Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the stress that results from an individual's experiences of discrimination and prejudice in everyday life (Allison, 1998). This model has been utilized previously with immigrant groups or groups who have a minority racial status in the United States to investigate the impact of environmental factors on individuals' mental health outcomes (Fox et al, 2020;Held et al, 2022c;Rabin et al, 2022;Valentín-Cortés, 2020).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Mental Health Vulnerability Among First- and Second-Generation Immigrants During the Trump Administration

Huslage

Held

Rai

2023

Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Service

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Under the Trump administration, many immigrants struggled with exclusionary policies that created a climate of fear and uncertainty. Our aim was to investigate which immigrants may be more vulnerable for experiencing policy stress and discrimination during this time period. Employing a cross-sectional design, we recruited U.S. immigrants ( N = 490) to complete an online survey assessing experiences of policy-related stress and discrimination. Multiple regression results showed significant models for both outcome variables, with several vulnerabilities emerging. For policy stress, immigrants who were younger, non-white, and who lived in a household with a lower annual income were more vulnerable. Participants who were second-generation immigrants, younger, male, and non-white reported higher perceived discrimination. Findings suggest that the stress associated with policies and experiences of discrimination varied within the immigrant community, and implications for practice and policy work are discussed.

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“…In addition to larger advocacy efforts, social service organization leaders have a meaningful opportunity to establish anti-racism and non-discriminatory practices within their own agencies to foster safe environments for Latinx clients seeking services. Hiring of culturally and linguistically competent providers, provision of affordable services, and ensuring a safe space for undocumented immigrants and their family members to seek services are vital strategies to addressing the detrimental effects of COVID-19 and discrimination on mental health outcomes [ 132 ].…”

Section: Implications For Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of COVID-19, Discrimination, and Social Support on Latinx Adult Mental Health

Held

First

Huslage

2022

J Immigrant Minority Health

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We investigated the role of COVID-19 exposure and discrimination on depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Latinx adults residing in the southeastern United States. Survey data were collected from 264 Latinx adults. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures, we estimated a structural model for hypothesized direct and indirect relationships between the risk factors of COVID-19 exposure and discrimination, social support, and two mental health conditions: depression and posttraumatic stress. COVID-19 exposure and discrimination each had a significant and positive relationship with both depression and posttraumatic stress. Social support was found to have a significant and inverse relationship with depression and posttraumatic stress, as well as to mediate the relationship between discrimination and both mental health symptoms. Implications for service provision and program design are presented. Future studies should examine variation between southeastern states and consider the influence of documentation status among an immigrant-only sample.

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An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors on the Mental Health of First- and Second-generation Immigrant Adults during an Exclusionary Policy Context in the United States

Cited by 13 publications

References 109 publications

An intersectional and social determinants of health framework for understanding Latinx psychological distress in 2020: Disentangling the effects of immigration policy and practices, the Trump Administration, and COVID-19-specific factors.

An intersectional and social determinants of health framework for understanding Latinx psychological distress in 2020: Disentangling the effects of immigration policy and practices, the Trump Administration, and COVID-19-specific factors.

Assessing Mental Health Vulnerability Among First- and Second-Generation Immigrants During the Trump Administration

Effects of COVID-19, Discrimination, and Social Support on Latinx Adult Mental Health

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