An Examination of the Elements of Transportation, Enslavement and Exploitation in Trafficking in Human Beings under International and Nigeria Anti-Trafficking Laws

Abstract

Trafficking in Human Beings (THB) is a heinous crime that is committed against human (person) with intent to exploit. There are several constituent elements that are integral parts that make the act of trafficking a crime. These include, among others, the inhuman nature of transportation, the enslavement and the exploitation associated with the practices. This paper examines the specific elements of transportation, enslavement and exploitation in THB. Choice of these elements for discourse is occasioned by the crucial roles they play in the crime of THB, and the fact that they combine with other elements to provide the physical and mental elements that make the conduct a crime under international and Nigeria municipal laws. For a critical analysis of these three key elements, several and relevant materials were consulted, including the two main national statutes on TBH (Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act. (2015) and Trafficking in Persons (Prohibition) Enforcement and Administration Act (TIPPEAA) 2015), and the UN Convention, protocols and policies against human trafficking. From the critical examination and the analysis, it was established that the three key elements still remain critical to the sustainability of THB in Nigeria and globally. Therefore, suggestions and recommendations are proffered to focus on dismantling these strongholds to reduce the prevalence of Trafficking in human beings at all levels.

Human Trafficking and War in Ukraine: Resilience in Exploring Student Response

“…With the outbreak of the Russia-Ukraine war, the initiative has been reinforced and transformed into a CEFRES Project for more systemic data collection from the respondents and the development of educational close reading materials on human trafficking underpinned with the results of the linguistic studies. The scientific relevance of the linguistic and pedagogical project lies in that it stands out from other research on human trafficking carried out mainly within other disciplines in social sciences (Zhang, 2009;Ghansah, 2013;Martin & Smith, 2015;Alemika & Ifeakandu, 2019;Jacon-Duffy, 2020;Cheetham & Hurst, 2022;Wang et al, 2022;Darkweb Intelligence, 2022). At the same time, it embraces a multidisciplinary approach extending to the issues explored in cognitive linguistics, social change studies, gender studies, and media studies, the synthesis of which will bring new methods of interaction with vulnerable social groups to prevent their victimisation.…”