An examination of the influence of husbandry on the plasma immunoglobulin level of the newborn calf, using a rapid refractometer test for assessing immunoglobulin content

McBeath, DG; Penhale, W.J.; Logan, E.F.

doi:10.1136/vr.88.11.266

Cited by 69 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…The refractometer measures how much light is refracted from the total proteins in the sample. Because the greatest constituents of total protein in neonatal calves are immunoglobulins, and the non-immunoglobulin protein concentration is relatively constant, refractometry provides a close representation of serum immunoglobulin concentration (McBeath and others 1971, Tyler and others 1996, Dawes and others 2002, Quigley and others 2002, Vandeputte and others 2011). Correlations with IgG are higher than other indirect measurements such as zinc sulphate turbidity and γ-glutamyl transferase (Tyler and others 1996, Vandeputte and others 2011) and it can also be used as a cow side test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brickell and others (2009) reported a UK neonatal calf mortality of eight per cent suggesting improvements in passive transfer could be made. McBeath and others (1971) found 21 per cent of homebred dairy calves from three dairy farms in Scotland had FPT when sampled. The aim of the present study is therefore threefold; (i) to quantify the prevalence of FPT in commercial dairy farms in UK, (ii) identify variables that have a significant impact on passive transfer in typical UK dairy units, and (iii) to quantify the variation in colostrum immunoglobulin quality in the modern UK Holstein dairy cow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Identification and quantification of factors affecting neonatal immunological transfer in dairy calves in the UK

et al. 2015

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The object of the study was to quantify the prevalence of failure of passive transfer in UK dairy farms and to identify variables that had a significant impact on the rate of immunological transfer. In a six-month study of 444 calvings from seven UK dairy farms, 26 per cent of calves failed to receive adequate immunoglobulin transfer as judged by a plasma total protein (pTP) concentration less than 5.6 g/dl. Colostrum immunoglobulin concentration, indirectly measured using Brix refractometry, showed wide variations with samples ranging from 10.3 to 34.7 Brix units. Thirty-seven per cent of samples were below the suggested cut-off Brix score for colostrum quality of 22 per cent. Potential associations between covariates and plasma protein concentration were investigated using multiple linear regression models. The covariate with the greatest impact on the pTP concentration was the farm on which the calf was born (P<0.05). A significant but small association was demonstrated between colostrum immunoglobulin concentration and calf pTP concentration (P<0.01). Multiple linear regression models suggested that the time of colostrum collection after calving, parity of the dam, and the individual farm were associated with the Brix measurements (P<0.05). This study suggested that veterinary review of colostrum protocols on farm with emphasis on prompt collection and dosing after calving remains a simple and effective measure to improve passive transfer and thus calf health on UK dairy farms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Identification and quantification of factors affecting neonatal immunological transfer in dairy calves in the UK

et al. 2015

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“…4,26,51 RID is currently considered the reference method for measuring IgG concentration and assessing FTPI in dairy calves. 25 The method is laboratory-based, relatively expensive, and requires a minimum of 18-24 hr to obtain results. Thus, RID is not practical for routine, on-farm monitoring of the adequacy of transfer of passive immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves. Serum samples (n = 200) were collected from Holstein calves 1-11 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by the reference method of radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, transmission IR (TIR) and ATR-IR spectroscopy-based assays. The mean IgG concentration measured by RID was 17.22 g/L (SD ±9.60). The mean IgG concentrations predicted by TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy methods were 15.60 g/L (SD ±8.15) and 15.94 g/L (SD ±8.66), respectively. RID IgG concentrations were positively correlated with IgG levels predicted by TIR (r = 0.94) and ATR-IR (r = 0.92). The correlation between 2 IR spectroscopic methods was 0.94. Using an IgG concentration <10 g/L as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the overall agreement between TIR and ATR-IR methods was 94%, with a corresponding kappa value of 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for identifying FTPI by TIR were 0.87, 0.97, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Corresponding values for ATR-IR were 0.87, 0.95, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Both TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopic approaches can be used for rapid quantification of IgG level in neonatal bovine serum and for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy calves.

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“…Because the greatest constituent of total protein in neonatal calf blood is immunoglobulins, and the non-immunoglobulin protein concentration is relatively constant, refractometry provides a close representation of Ig concentrations (McBeath and others 1971, Tyler and others 1996, Vandeputte and others 2011). Published studies (McBeath and others 1971, Tyler and others 1996, Quigley and others 2002, Wallace and others 2006, Vandeputte and others 2011) describe the use of plasma or serum total protein, but no study has directly quantified the agreement between results obtained from each assay method from the same animal. Furthermore, there is no accepted cut-off for plasma total protein (pTP) as measured by refractometry indicating adequacy of passive transfer.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plasma samples to assess passive transfer in calves using refractometry: comparison with serum and clinical cut‐off point

et al. 2014

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An examination of the influence of husbandry on the plasma immunoglobulin level of the newborn calf, using a rapid refractometer test for assessing immunoglobulin content

Cited by 69 publications

References 0 publications

Identification and quantification of factors affecting neonatal immunological transfer in dairy calves in the UK

Identification and quantification of factors affecting neonatal immunological transfer in dairy calves in the UK

Quantification of bovine immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy

Use of plasma samples to assess passive transfer in calves using refractometry: comparison with serum and clinical cut‐off point

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