An examination of the time course from human dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to urinary elimination of 1-hydroxypyrene.

Buckley, Timothy J.; Lioy, Paul J.

doi:10.1136/oem.49.2.113

Cited by 114 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The half-life for urinary 1-PYR in humans has been reported to be 9.8 hours (Brzeznicki et al 1997) and 6-35 hours (Jongeneelen et al 1990) after inhalation exposure, 4.4 hours (Buckley and Lioy 1992) and 12 hours after ingestion exposure, 11.5-15 hours after dermal absorption , and 3.9-26.7 hours (average 10.4 hours) after inhalation and dermal absorption (Boogaard and van Sittert, 1994). Information on half-lives of the other OH-PAHs is scarce; however, since these are the same group of metabolites formed under similar biological pathways, we can reasonably deduce that other OH-PAHs measured in this study would have similar half-lives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Romanoff

Lewin

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

120

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Urinary hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) are commonly used in biomonitoring to assess exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Similar to other biologically non-persistent chemicals, OH-PAHs have relatively short biological half-lives (4.4-35 hours). Little information is available on their variability in urinary concentrations over time in non-occupationally exposed subjects. This study was designed to (i) study the variability of 9 urinary OH-PAH metabolite concentrations over time and (ii) calculate sample size requirements for future epidemiological studies based on spot urine, first morning void and 24-hour void sampling. Individual urine samples (n = 427) were collected during one week from 8 nonoccupationally exposed adults. We recorded the time and volume of each urine excretion, dietary details, and the driving activities of the participants. Within subjects, the coefficients of variation (CV) for the wet-weight concentration of OH-PAHs in all samples ranged from 45% to 297%; creatinine adjustment reduced the CV to 19-288% (p < 0.001; paired t-test). The simulated 24-hour void concentrations were the least variable measure, with CVs ranging 13-182% for the 9 OH-PAHs. Within-day variability contributed on average 84%, and between-day variability accounted for 16% of the total variance of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 1-PYR levels were 0.55 for spot urine samples, 0.60 for first-morning voids, and 0.76 for 24-hour voids, indicating a high degree of correlation between urine measurements collected from the same subject over time. Sample size calculations were performed to estimate the number of subjects needed for detecting differences in geometric mean at a statistical power of 80% for spot urine, first-morning, and 24-hour void sampling. These data will aid in the design of future studies of PAHs and possibly other biologically non-persistent chemicals and the interpretation of their analytical results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Romanoff

Lewin

et al. 2009

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

120

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“…Several studies, predominantly focused on 1-PYR, have been conducted to estimate half-life (t 1/2 ) from various exposure routes. The t 1/2 after inhalation exposure has been determined to be 6.0-29 h. [12][13][14] For ingestion exposure, the 1-PYR t 1/2 was reported to be 4.4-12 h. [15][16][17] For dermal absorption, the 1-PYR t 1/2 was estimated at 11.5-15 h. 17,18 In several occupational studies on workers exposed through both inhalation and dermal absorption, the average t 1/2 ranged 10.4-18 h. [19][20][21] Increasingly, PAH biomonitoring studies are being carried out using multiple biomarkers in addition to 1-PYR. Some biomarkers or metabolic patterns have been proposed to be associated with specific sources or risk factors due to the change of enzyme polymorphism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion Profiles and Half-Lives of Ten Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites after Dietary Exposure

Romanoff

Bartell

et al. 2012

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

184

130

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Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can be assessed by biomonitoring of their urinary mono-hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PAHs). Limited information exists on the human pharmacokinetics of OH-PAHs. This study aimed to investigate the excretion half-life of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-PYR), the most used biomarker for PAH exposure, and 9 other OH-PAHs following a dietary exposure in 9 non-smoking volunteers with no occupational exposure to PAHs. Each person avoided food with known high PAH-content during the study period, except for a high PAH-containing lunch (barbecued chicken) on the first day. Individual urine samples (n = 217) were collected from 15 hours before to 60 hours following the dietary exposure. Levels of all OH-PAHs in all subjects increased rapidly by 9-141 fold after the exposure, followed by a decrease consistent with first order kinetics, and returned to background levels 24-48 hours after the exposure. The average time to reach maximal concentration ranged from 3.1 h (1-naphthol) to 5.5 h (1-PYR). Creatinine-adjusted urine concentrations for each metabolite were analyzed using a non-linear mixed effects model including a term to estimate background exposure. The background-adjusted half-life estimate was 3.9 h for 1-PYR and ranged 2.5-6.1 h for the other 9 OH-PAHs, which in general, were shorter than those previously reported. The maximum concentrations after the barbecued chicken consumption were comparable to the levels found in reported occupational settings with known high PAH exposures. It is essential to consider the relatively short half-life, the timing of samples relative to exposures, and the effect of diet when conducting PAH exposure biomonitoring studies.

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“…Previous studies indicated that pyrene was rapidly distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body, and 1-OHP in urine represented a constant fraction (2%) of total pyrene intake in urine and feces (Bouchard et al, 1998). The half-life of urinary 1-OHP excretion ranges from 4 to 35 h (Jongeneelen et al, 1990;Boogaard and van Sittert, 1994) and the excretion declines to near baseline concentrations within 48 h following an exposure event (Buckley and Lioy, 1992). Thus, urinary 1-OHP may be used to assess individuals' recent PAH exposure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1-Hydroxypyrene concentrations in first morning voids and 24-h composite urine: intra- and inter-individual comparisons

Han¹,

Duan

Zhang³

et al. 2007

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has been suggested as an exposure biomarker for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, it remains unknown whether a first morning urine sample can be used to reflect average exposure. In this paper, we examine intra-individual differences and interindividual associations between first morning voids and 24-h composite urine samples. The analysis was performed using data collected from 100 adults who had a wide range of PAH exposure due to differences in their occupation, e.g., coke oven workers vs. non-coke oven workers. For each subject, all the urine voids within each of two 24-h measurement periods were collected. Results showed a significant (40% to 62%) intra-individual difference between first morning voids and 24-h urinary 1-OHP concentrations (in ng/ml urine). Creatinine adjustments of 1-OHP concentrations (in mmol/mol urinary creatinine) reduced the intra-individual difference by approximately 10%. Across all the subjects, a high overall correlation (r ¼ 0.76) was observed between first morning and 24-h average 1-OHP concentrations. Work environment and sampling season were found to significantly affect the relationship between first morning and 24-h 1-OHP concentrations. An increase of 1 ng/ml of first morning urinary 1-OHP predicted an increase of 0.5 and 0.25 ng/ml of 24-h urinary 1-OHP for coke oven workers and non-coke oven workers, respectively. Data collected in a winter season showed a higher correlation between first morning and 24-h concentrations than data collected in a fall season. Creatinine adjustments did not significantly improve overall correlations between first morning void and 24-h measurements, but increased total variances for 24-h urines explained by first morning urines in coke workers.

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An examination of the time course from human dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to urinary elimination of 1-hydroxypyrene.

Cited by 114 publications

References 29 publications

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Variability of urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolite in general population and comparison of spot, first-morning, and 24-h void sampling

Excretion Profiles and Half-Lives of Ten Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Metabolites after Dietary Exposure

1-Hydroxypyrene concentrations in first morning voids and 24-h composite urine: intra- and inter-individual comparisons

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