The study presents a novel approach to analyzing the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of CaSO4:Dy-based personnel monitoring dosimeters using machine learning. This study demonstrates the qualitative and quantitative impact of different types of anomalies on the TL signal and trains machine learning algorithms to estimate correction factors to account for these anomalies. The results show a good degree of agreement between the predicted and actual correction factors, with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.95, a root mean squared error less than 0.025, and a mean absolute error less than 0.015. The utilization of machine learning algorithms leads to a significant two-fold reduction in the coefficient of variation of TL counts from anomalous glow curves. This study proposes a promising approach to address anomalies caused by dosimeter, reader, and handling-related factors. Furthermore, it accounts for non-radiation-induced thermoluminescence at low dose levels towards improving the dosimetric accuracy in personnel monitoring.