“…Trade fairs are expensive actions that require exhibitors' previous preparation (He, Li, Lin, & Liang, 2019;Nayak, 2019;Silva, 2014), so the performance of exhibitors has been a matter of growing concern (Çobano glu & Turaeva, 2014;Menon & Edward, 2017;Proszowska, 2018;Tafesse & Korneliussen, 2011;Tafesse & Skallerud, 2017). Although there are many studies on measuring the effectiveness of trade fairs for exhibitors (Çobano glu & Turaeva, 2014;Gopalakrishna & Lilien, 1995;Hansen, 2004;Menon & Edward, 2017;Proszowska, 2018;Tafesse & Korneliussen, 2011), measuring their performance is seen as a major difficulty (Cop & Kara, 2014;Kitchen, 2017).…”