An experience sampling study of PTSD and alcohol-related problems.

Gaher, Raluca M.; Simons, Jeffrey S.; Hahn, Austin M.; Hofman, Nicole L.; Hansen, Jamie M.; Buchkoski, Jerome

doi:10.1037/a0037257

Cited by 68 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…However, the associations via affect lability and behavioral disinhibition are consistent with the premise that associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol-related problems reflect more than a self-medication type process, which would be accounted for by increases in consumption. Rather alcohol-related problems among veterans may reflect broader deficits in self-regulation stemming from PTSD (Gaher et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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PTSD, alcohol dependence, and conduct problems: Distinct pathways via lability and disinhibition

Simons

O’Brien

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

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This study tested the role of affect lability and disinhibition in mediating associations between PTSD symptoms and two forms of alcohol-related problems, dependence syndrome symptoms (e.g., impaired control over consumption) and conduct problems (e.g., assault, risk behaviors). Genotype at the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) was hypothesized to moderate associations between traumatic stress and PTSD symptoms. In addition, the study tested whether childhood traumatic stress moderated associations between combat trauma and PTSD symptoms. Participants were 270 OIF/OEF/OND veterans. The hypothesized model was largely supported. Participants with the low expression alleles of 5-HTTLPR (S or LG) exhibited stronger associations between childhood (but not combat) traumatic stress and PTSD symptoms. Affect lability mediated the associations between PTSD symptoms and alcohol dependence symptoms. Behavioral disinhibition mediated associations between PTSD symptoms and conduct related problems. Conditional indirect effects indicated stronger associations between childhood traumatic stress and lability, behavioral disinhibition, alcohol consumption, AUD symptoms, and associated conduct problems via PTSD symptoms among those with the low expression 5-HTTLPR alleles. However, interactions between combat trauma and either childhood trauma or genotype were not significant. The results support the hypothesis that affect lability and behavioral disinhibition are potential intermediate traits with distinct associations with AUD and associated externalizing problems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the structural model fit well, alternative models cannot be ruled out. For example, temperament may be a preexisting risk factor for PTSD (Gaher et al, 2014; Meis et al, 2010). Second, the sample size was modest for the complexity of the latent variable model and for testing the G × E interactions.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

PTSD, alcohol dependence, and conduct problems: Distinct pathways via lability and disinhibition

Simons

O’Brien

et al. 2017

Addictive Behaviors

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“…To date, only a handful of studies have assessed the link between PTSD and alcohol behavior using ESM (Cohn et al, 2014; Gaher et al, 2014; Kaysen et al, 2014; Possemato et al, 2015; Simpson et al, 2012; Simpson, Stappenbeck, Luterek, Lehavot, & Kaysen, 2014), and only one of these used a college sample (Kaysen et al, 2014). Findings suggest that for some, PTSD symptom severity is associated with greater same-day alcohol craving, alcohol use, and/or next-day alcohol use, providing support for SMT (e.g., Kaysen et al, 2014; Simpson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Esm Approaches To Studying Ptsd and Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer alcohol behavior moderates within-level associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and alcohol use in college students.

Bachrach¹,

Read²

2017

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Self-medication theory (SMT) posits that individuals exposed to trauma and resulting posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSD) are at risk for heavy drinking and associated negative consequences. Close peer alcohol use is also a powerful predictor of alcohol involvement in college, particularly influencing those with greater negative affect. As individuals with PTSD may rely on peers for support, peer drinking behaviors are possibly putting them at further risk for greater alcohol use and resulting consequences. In order to test self-medication processes, the present study examined the relationship between weekday PTSD symptoms, weekend alcohol behavior, and the influence of both emotionally supportive peer and other friend drinking behavior by investigating: (1) whether weekday PTSD symptoms predicted subsequent weekend alcohol use and consequences; and (2) whether the relationship between weekday PTSD symptoms and weekend alcohol behavior was moderated by various drinking behaviors of one’s peers. Trauma-exposed heavy-drinking college students (N=128) completed a baseline assessment and 30 daily, web-based assessments of alcohol use and related consequences, PTSD symptoms, and peer alcohol behavior. Results directly testing SMT were not supported. However, friend alcohol behavior moderated the relationship between weekday PTSD and weekend alcohol behavior. Findings highlight the importance of peer drinking as both a buffer and risk factor for problematic drinking and provide useful information for interventions aimed at high-risk drinkers.

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“…Moreover, drinking to cope with negative affect has been associated with an increase in alcohol-related consequences among service members and Veterans, both in college (Whiteman and Barry, 2011) and in hospital settings (McDevitt-Murphy et al, 2015). Studies at the daily level are also consistent with self-medication models (Khantzian, 2003), in that elevations in PTSD symptoms during the day are associated with increases in alcohol use and related problems that evening (Gaher et al, 2014; Langdon et al, 2016). Collectively, these findings suggest that symptoms of depression and PTSD significantly increase risk for heavy drinking and alcohol-related consequences among military service members and Veterans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Insomnia severity as a mediator of the association between mental health symptoms and alcohol use in young adult veterans

Miller

DiBello

Carey

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Purpose Prior research has documented associations between mental health and alcohol use, mental health and insomnia, and insomnia and alcohol use. This study examined insomnia severity as a mediator of the association between mental health and alcohol-related outcomes in young adult veterans. Procedures Veterans aged 18 to 34 years (N = 622, 83% male) who reported drinking in the past year completed assessments at baseline and one-month follow-up as part of a larger intervention trial. Participants reported symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at baseline, insomnia severity at one month, and alcohol use and related consequences at baseline and one month. Mediation analyses using bootstrapped confidence intervals were used to examine the indirect effects of baseline mental health symptoms on alcohol-related outcomes at one month via insomnia severity. Main Findings Insomnia severity was associated with both drinking quantity and alcohol-related consequences. Greater depressive (but not PTSD) symptoms were associated directly with more alcohol-related consequences. Neither depressive nor PTSD symptoms had direct effects on drinking quantity when controlling for the other mental health symptoms (e.g., depressive symptoms did not predict drinking quantity when controlling for symptoms of PTSD). However, symptoms of depression and PTSD predicted drinks per week and alcohol-related consequences indirectly through insomnia severity. Conclusions Symptoms of depression and PTSD increase risk for alcohol use and related consequences in part by increasing symptoms of insomnia. Findings suggest that insomnia may be an appropriate target for prevention and intervention efforts among heavy-drinking Veterans reporting symptoms of depression or PTSD.

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An experience sampling study of PTSD and alcohol-related problems.

Cited by 68 publications

References 83 publications

PTSD, alcohol dependence, and conduct problems: Distinct pathways via lability and disinhibition

PTSD, alcohol dependence, and conduct problems: Distinct pathways via lability and disinhibition

Peer alcohol behavior moderates within-level associations between posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and alcohol use in college students.

Insomnia severity as a mediator of the association between mental health symptoms and alcohol use in young adult veterans

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