“…The explanation for this result, nonetheless, presumably lies in the fact that the term "innovative teaching" is not often used in studies using virtual reality in education. For, in fact, there is an upward trend in the publication of studies on virtual reality, as evidenced by the many high-quality papers devoted to the effectiveness of virtual reality in enhancing student engagement (Li et al, 2022;Riner et al, 2022;Y. Song et al, 2023), motivation (H.-L. Chen & Liao, 2022;Liu et al, 2022;Ozdemir & Ozturk, 2022), and learning outcomes (Banjo-Ogunnowo & Chisholm, 2022;C.-H. Chen et al, 2021;Yamaguchi et al, 2022) recently published in credible journals.…”