An experimental analysis of the effect of wind load on the stability of a container crane

The control objectives in this paper are to move the load of a container crane to its target position and to suppress the transverse vibration of the load. Owing to the fact that the load is hoisted up and down, the crane is modeled as an axially moving string system. The dynamics of the moving string are derived using Hamilton's principle for systems with changing mass. The Lyapunov function method is used in deriving a boundary control law, where the Lyapunov function candidate takes the form of the total mechanical energy of the system. The boundary control law utilizes the hoisting speed as well as the sway angle of the rope at the gantry side. Through experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed control law is demonstrated particularly in the lift-up process of the load.

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“…Theorem: Consider plant (18)- (20). Then, the closedloop system with control law (43) is uniformly stable, and (0, )…”

Section: Control Law Designmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Over the past few decades, numerous papers on crane control have appeared in the literature [10,12,20,22,25]. However, most of them used an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model in deriving their control laws.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary control of container cranes from the perspective of controlling an axially moving string system

Kim

Hong

2009

Int. J. Control Autom. Syst.

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“…Finally, the reference data according to the wind speed as well as the wind direction is suggested by using the force coefficient obtained by dividing the uplift force by the square of the design criterion relating to the wind speed, because the uplift force is proportional to the square of the wind speed. 5 To validate the results, two container cranes, specif., 50ton-class and 61ton-class container cranes, are adopted as the research model in light of recent approaches. 6,7…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Force coefficient at each support point of a container crane according to the wind direction

Han

2011

Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.

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This study is conducted to provide the force coefficient according to the wind direction from a wind tunnel test regarding the uplift force at each support point of a container crane and also the designed stowing devices -a tie-down rod and a stowage pin -and an alarm system to prevent overturning of the container crane under wind loads. In order to evaluate the effect of the wind load on the stability of the crane, two container cranes that are widely used in container terminals, viz., 50ton-class and 61ton-class container cranes, are adopted for the analytic model and 19 values are considered for the wind direction as the design parameter. First, the wind tunnel test for the reduced-scale container crane model is performed according to the wind direction using an Eiffel-type atmospheric boundary-layer wind tunnel. Next, the uplift forces at each support point are calculated from the wind tunnel test. Finally, the force coefficient according to the wind direction at each support point is suggested by dividing the uplift force by the square of the wind speed.

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“…The importance of the structural stability of container cranes was highlighted in the aftermath of Typhoon "Maemi," wherein a total of 11 container cranes were damaged due to heavy wind loads, causing heavy losses for the Korean logistics sector. The structural stability of the cranes was analyzed through structural analysis for a practical-sized model and a wind tunnel test for a miniature of the crane [3,4]. However, the accuracy and reliability of conventional wind-resistant design are reduced for a container crane under wind load (i.e., a problem that involves both fluid and structural analyses), because a beam element is used for structural analysis and the wind load calculated from the design criteria is applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The difference in the uplift force at each support point of a container crane between FSI analysis and a wind tunnel test

Han

2011

J Mech Sci Technol

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We analyzed the difference between FSI (fluid-structure interaction) analysis and a wind tunnel test regarding the uplift force at each support point of a container crane and also design stowing devices -a tie-down rod and a stowage pin -and an alarm system to prevent overturning of a container crane under wind loads. We know that FSI analysis agrees more with wind tunnel tests than with structural analysis, but the results of FSI analysis are different from those of the tests. To evaluate the effect of the wind load on the stability of the crane, two container cranes that are widely used in container terminals-50 ton-class and 61 ton-class container cranes-are adopted for the analytic model and 19 values are considered for the wind direction as the design parameter. First, a wind tunnel test for the reduced-scale container crane model is performed according to the wind direction using an Eiffel-type atmospheric boundary-layer wind tunnel. Next, FSI analysis for a full-scale container crane is conducted using ANSYS and CFX. Then, the uplift force obtained from FSI analysis is compared with that yielded by the wind tunnel test. Finally, a formula is suggested to compensate the difference between FSI analysis and the wind tunnel test.

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An experimental analysis of the effect of wind load on the stability of a container crane

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

Boundary control of container cranes from the perspective of controlling an axially moving string system

Boundary control of container cranes from the perspective of controlling an axially moving string system

Force coefficient at each support point of a container crane according to the wind direction

The difference in the uplift force at each support point of a container crane between FSI analysis and a wind tunnel test

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