An experimental and simulative study on the defects appeared during tow steering in automated fiber placement

Bakhshi, Nima; Hojjati, Mehdi

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2018.07.031

Cited by 79 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…[ 35 ] A number of studies have examined the minimum steering radius of defect‐free lay‐up experimentally. [ 11,36–38 ]…”

Section: Role Of Prepreg Tack In Afp/atlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lichtinger et al [ 39 ] use a theoretical relationship between tack and compaction considerations [ 40 ] in order to predict gaps and bridging. Bridging occurs in concave mold sections to reach lower energy levels if tensile stress exceeds tack [ 36 ] and eventually lifts the material laid (Figure 2A). Tensile stress of the material laid can often be controlled as a process parameter or is induced as a result of underdosed material feed and at steering as discussed above.…”

Section: Role Of Prepreg Tack In Afp/atlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prepreg tack: A review of mechanisms, measurement, and manufacturing implication

2020

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The stickiness of prepregs (tack) is considered a decisive material property for the success of high‐quality composite manufacturing by automated lay‐up processes such as automated fiber placement (AFP) or automated tape laying (ATL). Adverse control of prepreg tack can easily result in laminate defects or machine breakdown, which are highly undesirable considering the tremendous machinery and material costs of these processes. Prepreg tack is governed by a complex interaction of adhesive and cohesive phenomena that are influenced by machine and environmental parameters of the production process as well as by intrinsic properties of the prepreg material itself. This review aims at providing a condensed insight into the current state of research on prepreg tack. Therefore, experimental studies including the discussion of utilized tack measurement methods as well as model approaches to prepreg tack are reviewed. The findings are discussed against the background of fundamental mechanisms, the strong interdependency of influencing parameters and the challenge of translating measured tack data into an enhanced AFP/ATL process stability by process adjustment.

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“…[ 35 ] A number of studies have examined the minimum steering radius of defect‐free lay‐up experimentally. [ 11,36–38 ]…”

Section: Role Of Prepreg Tack In Afp/atlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Role Of Prepreg Tack In Afp/atlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prepreg tack: A review of mechanisms, measurement, and manufacturing implication

2020

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“…However, these methods are expensive and time-consuming. Thus, Bakhshi et al [ 83 ] proposed a novel modeling strategy considering the prepreg laying process and the prepreg tack. Firstly, AFP experiments were performed using different process parameters identified as the five major types of defects, including in-plane fiber waviness, sheared fibers, tow pull-ups, blisters, and out-of-plane wrinkles.…”

Section: Positioning Defectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defect Characteristics and Online Detection Techniques During Manufacturing of FRPs Using Automated Fiber Placement: A Review

Sun

Han

et al. 2020

Polymers

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Automated fiber placement (AFP) is an advanced manufacturing method for composites, which is especially suitable for large-scale composite components. However, some manufacturing defects inevitably appear in the AFP process, which can affect the mechanical properties of composites. This work aims to investigate the recent works on manufacturing defects and their online detection techniques during the AFP process. The main content focuses on the position defect in conventional and variable stiffness laminates, the relationship between the defects and the mechanical properties, defect control methods, the modeling method for a void defect, and online detection techniques. Following that, the contributions and limitations of the current studies are discussed. Finally, the prospects of future research concerning theoretical and practical engineering applications are pointed out.

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“…Figure 7). Due to fiber steering and complex surfaces fiber undulations within the ply plane occur (in-plane waviness) [21,28,30,45,46]. Fiber angle deviations in laminate thickness direction often emerge as secondary phenomenon (out-of-plane waviness).…”

Section: Type Iii-wavinessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This parameter determines the maximum applicable magnitude of curvature before tow wrinkling or upfolding occurs [21,39]. Several researchers [27,45,46,85,87]…”

Section: Type Vii-tow Wrinkling and Upfoldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing-Induced Imperfections in Composite Parts Manufactured via Automated Fiber Placement

2019

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The automated fiber placement process (AFP) enables the manufacturing of large and geometrical complex fiber composite structures with high quality at low cycle times. Although the AFP process is highly accurate and reproducible, manufacturing induced imperfections in the produced composite structure occur. This review summarizes and classifies typical AFP-related manufacturing defects. Several methodologies for evaluating the effects of such manufacturing defects from the literature are reviewed. This review paper presents recent scientific contributions and discusses proposed experimental and simulation-based methodologies. Among the identified ten defect classes, gaps and overlaps are predominant. This paper focuses then on methods for modelling and assessing gaps and overlaps. The state of the art in modelling gaps and overlaps and assessing their influence on mechanical properties is presented. Finally, research gaps and remaining issues are identified.

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An experimental and simulative study on the defects appeared during tow steering in automated fiber placement

Cited by 79 publications

References 21 publications

Prepreg tack: A review of mechanisms, measurement, and manufacturing implication

Prepreg tack: A review of mechanisms, measurement, and manufacturing implication

Defect Characteristics and Online Detection Techniques During Manufacturing of FRPs Using Automated Fiber Placement: A Review

Manufacturing-Induced Imperfections in Composite Parts Manufactured via Automated Fiber Placement

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