An experimental animal model for percutaneous procedures used in trigeminal neuralgia

Herta, Johannes; Wang, Wei-Te; Höftberger, Romana; Breit, S.; Kneissl, Sibylle; Bergmeister, Helga; Ferraz-Leite, Heber

doi:10.1007/s00701-017-3162-8

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Based on the macroscopic assessment of the size and location of the trigeminal ganglion and nerve, they selected a volume of 0.05 mL of glycerol but did not assess the morphology of the trigeminal ganglion and a trigeminal cave on a microscopic level ( 26 ). More recently, Herta et al conducted an anatomical study on rabbits to provide guidelines for percutaneous operations on the trigeminal ganglion in this species as an animal model for human research ( 27 ). They described the presence of a closed trigeminal cistern that was injected with 0.5 mL of glycerol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They described the presence of a closed trigeminal cistern that was injected with 0.5 mL of glycerol. However, they observed an outflow of contrast agent into the posterior fossa and out of the injecting cannula when performing the contrast cisternography with this volume, suggesting that smaller amounts of glycerol should be injected in rabbits ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An anatomical study of the subarachnoid space surrounding the trigeminal ganglion in horses—in preparation for a controlled glycerol rhizotomy in equids

Becker,

Haenssgen,

Precht

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionEquine trigeminal-mediated headshaking is a painful neuropathic disorder comparable to trigeminal neuralgia in humans. The selective destruction of pain fibers within the trigeminal ganglion, called rhizotomy, is the surgical treatment of choice for idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia refractory to medical treatment in humans. The human trigeminal ganglion is enclosed by a dural recess called the Meckel’s or trigeminal cave, in which the ganglion is surrounded by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled subarachnoid space. During glycerol rhizotomy, glycerol is percutaneously injected in this CSF-filled space. Until now, information about the anatomy of the dural recess and the subarachnoid space surrounding the trigeminal ganglion is lacking in horses. The aim of this study was to explore if a CSF-filled subarachnoid space around the trigeminal ganglion exists in horses.Materials and methodsSix equine cadaver heads were investigated for CSF accumulation around the ganglion with a 3 Tesla MRI. After anatomical dissection to expose the trigeminal root, a polymer-based radiopaque contrast agent was injected through the porus trigeminus into the subarachnoid space (cisternography). The exact delineation and the volume of the contrast agent accumulation were determined on subsequent micro-computed tomographic scans and segmentation. Finally, the distribution of the contrast agent within the subarachnoid space was examined histologically in three specimens.ResultsIn all 12 specimens included in this study, the trigeminal ganglion was surrounded by a subarachnoid space forming a trigeminal cistern. The mean volume of the trigeminal cave in this study was 0.31 mL (±SD: 0.11 mL). Distribution of the contrast agent along the peripheral nerves (i.e., ophthalmic, maxillary and/or mandibular nerve) was observed in 7 out of 12 specimens.Discussion/conclusionA subarachnoid space surrounding the trigeminal ganglion exists in the horse and could be targeted for glycerol rhizotomy in horses suffering from trigeminal-mediated headshaking. However, the clinical relevance of contrast agent distribution along the peripheral nerves remains to be assessed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An anatomical study of the subarachnoid space surrounding the trigeminal ganglion in horses—in preparation for a controlled glycerol rhizotomy in equids

Becker,

Haenssgen,

Precht

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…The trigeminal ganglion (also known as the Gasserian or semilunar ganglion) has been studied in anatomic and physiologic research. [1][2][3] In experimental medicine, lesions are created in it when testing local therapies for trigeminal neuralgia of humans 4,5 and it is a site of naturally occurring latent herpes virus infection, including in humans 6 (herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses), macaques 7 (macacine herpesvirus 1 or herpes B virus), dogs 8 (canine herpesvirus), and swine 9 (pseudorabies virus).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15 These publications describe methods that are feasible for harvesting the trigeminal ganglion in routine toxicology studies, where there are relatively large numbers-often 20 to 40-of animals and where no experimental manipulation of the ganglion or nerve in situ is required. There are also descriptions of the anatomy and intracranial dissection of the trigeminal ganglion in rabbits 5 and in monkeys. [1][2][3] These publications describe experimental surgical manipulations of the ganglion or branches of the nerve, using dissection microscopy, but are less suitable as guides for toxicological pathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissection of the Trigeminal Ganglion of Nonrodent Species Used in Toxicology Studies

Howroyd

2019

Toxicol Pathol

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The ganglion of the trigeminal (V cranial) nerve is generally sampled at necropsy in nonrodent toxicology studies only when somatic or autonomic peripheral nervous system toxicity is suspected. The ganglion is far more difficult to locate in nonrodents than in rats and mice, and suitable methods to dissect it have been described only for swine. The trigeminal nerve caudal to the ganglion passes through a canal, roofed by bone in dogs and rabbits and by a tough layer of dura mater in swine and nonhuman primates. The ganglion is partly or wholly obscured by overlying dura mater. Of the 3 intracranial branches of the nerve, the ophthalmic is delicate and the maxillary and mandibular have extremely short courses within the cranial cavity. Methods that are practical in routine toxicologic pathology for the dissection of the ganglion in nonrodent laboratory species are illustrated and relevant species differences in the anatomy of the intracranial part of the trigeminal nerve are highlighted.

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“…Knowledge about physiological aspects of the trigeminal system today is largely based on animal models (Akerman and Goadsby, 2015;Herta et al, 2017), cadaver studies (Ezure et al, 2001;Williams et al, 2003) or extrapolations from peripheral nerve functioning. Human studies are frequently limited to pathophysiology and lack proper study designs (Tanaka and Zhao, 2016;Goadsby et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological aspects of the trigeminal sensory system: an update

Cruyssen

Politis

2018

Reviews in the Neurosciences

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AbstractThe trigeminal system is one of the most complex cranial nerve systems of the human body. Research on it has vastly grown in recent years and concentrated more and more on molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology, but thorough reviews on this topic are lacking, certainly on the normal physiology of the trigeminal sensory system. Here we review the current literature on neurophysiology of the trigeminal nerve from peripheral receptors up to its central projections toward the somatosensory cortex. We focus on the most recent scientific discoveries and describe historical relevant research to substantiate further. One chapter on new insights of the pathophysiology of pain at the level of the trigeminal system is added. A database search of Medline, Embase and Cochrane was conducted with the search terms ‘animal study’, ‘neurophysiology’, ‘trigeminal’, ‘oral’ and ‘sensory’. Articles were manually selected after reading the abstract and where needed the article. Reference lists also served to include relevant research articles. Fifty-six articles were included after critical appraisal. Physiological aspects on mechanoreceptors, trigeminal afferents, trigeminal ganglion and central projections are reviewed in light of reference works. Embryologic and anatomic insights are cited where needed. A brief description of pathophysiology of pain pathways in the trigeminal area and recent advances in dental stem cell research are also discussed. Neurophysiology at the level of the central nervous system is not reviewed. The current body of knowledge is mainly based on animal and cadaveric studies, but recent advancements in functional imaging and molecular neuroscience are elucidating the pathways and functioning of this mixed nerve system. Extrapolation of animal studies or functioning of peripheral nerves should be warranted.

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An experimental animal model for percutaneous procedures used in trigeminal neuralgia

Cited by 5 publications

References 20 publications

An anatomical study of the subarachnoid space surrounding the trigeminal ganglion in horses—in preparation for a controlled glycerol rhizotomy in equids

An anatomical study of the subarachnoid space surrounding the trigeminal ganglion in horses—in preparation for a controlled glycerol rhizotomy in equids

Dissection of the Trigeminal Ganglion of Nonrodent Species Used in Toxicology Studies

Neurophysiological aspects of the trigeminal sensory system: an update

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