An experimental framework for simulating stress corrosion cracking in cable bolts

Wu, Saisai; Chen, Honghao; Craig, Peter; Ramandi, Hamed Lamei; Timms, Wendy; Hagan, Paul; Crosky, A.; Hebblewhite, Bruce; Saydam, Serkan

doi:10.1016/j.tust.2018.03.004

Cited by 48 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Aziz et al [18] conducted a stress corrosion test for 3.5 years on four rock bolts and found that the strength of the four rock bolts decreased 21% to 39%. Wu et al [19] conducted a stress corrosion cracking test on the bolts by simulating the stress state and local chemical environment. e results showed that the stress intensity had a significant influence on the corrosion damage of the specimen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Prestressed Rock Bolts (Cables) in the Underground Coal Mine

Wang

Ren

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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Premature failure of rock bolts (cables) due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is a phenomenon that has been reported to occur in the underground environment. In the 1990s, many failure accidents of bolts which occurred in the United Kingdom were caused by SCC [1]. In this study, the corrosion behavior and failure mechanism of rock bolt (cable) samples obtained from the underground coal mine were examined and discussed. Macroscopic observation and weight loss tests were carried out for the bolts’ corrosion characteristics without failure. The results show that the bolts with short service time (1.5–2 yrs) underwent uniform corrosion. However, bolts with longer service time (3–8 yrs) experienced different pitting corrosion degrees. The corroding degree of different parts of bolt samples shows the following decreasing trend: bolt head > bolt end > free section. The absolute corrosion degree increased with the service time, while the corrosion rate was the highest in the early stage and dropped down in the later stage. At the same time, the macro- and micromethods were used to analyse the failure mechanism in the broken cable sample. Failure of one cable sample with a medium service life (6 yrs) was found to be controlled by the SCC. It was induced by long-term action of O, Cl, and S in the surrounding rock environment and resulted in pitting corrosion. The pitting corrosion reduced the outer diameter of the rock cable and its bearing capacity, leading to the final fracture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Prestressed Rock Bolts (Cables) in the Underground Coal Mine

Wang

Ren

et al. 2021

Advances in Civil Engineering

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“…The arrangement of the load frame, hydraulic cylinder, gripping system, and guarding assembly is displayed in Figure 9. An acidified solution was used as the testing solution, which was proved to be a reliable methodology to duplicate the service cable-bolt SCC failures in laboratory [34,35,36]. The chemical compositions of the solution were synthesized based on the groundwater chemistry of 12 underground mines where SCC of cable bolts occurred, as well as the characterization of localized conditions at the surface of cable bolt.…”

Section: Experimental Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory-Based Investigation into Stress Corrosion Cracking of Cable Bolts

Guo

Guang-bin

et al. 2019

Materials

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Cable-bolt failures due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) could significantly compromise the sustainability and long-term stability of underground constructions. To fully understand the SCC of cable bolts, a two-step methodology was implemented: (i) long-term cable-bolt coupon tests using mineralogical materials collected from underground mines; and (ii) accelerated full-scale cable-bolt tests using an acidified solution. In the long-term tests, a novel three-point bending coupon was designed. The effects of mineralogical materials on SCC were evaluated under the simulated underground bolting conditions through the application of “corrosion cells”. For accelerated tests, SCC resistance of different type of cable bolts was examined using the new designed tensile-loading apparatus under the periodically increasing strain-rate loading mechanism. It was identified that mineralogical materials and applied stress intensity accelerated the corrosion process of the cable bolts. The number of wires and wire surface conditions in different types of cable bolt directly affected SCC susceptibility. The cable bolts with a greater number of wires provided higher resistance to SCC. The developed experimental methodologies can be applied to study SCC in other reinforcement materials and the results can be used to design optimal support systems in different environmental and geotechnical conditions.

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“…Surrounding environments such as the water also have great influences on the behavior and mechanical properties of rocks [10][11][12]. The interior of the rock generally contains natural defects in the crystal, micropores, and fissures between particles, native, secondary layering, and regulation, which provide the channel for the diffusion of the water [13][14][15]. The groundwater in the discontinuous surfaces could reduce the rock's antishear strength and the elastic yield limit through producing the external stress by the pore water pressure [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation for Influences of Seepage on Mechanical Properties of Rocks Using Acoustic Emission Technique

Zhang

et al. 2020

Geofluids

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The behavior of rock mass is governed by the properties of both the rock material and discontinuities in the rock mass. Surrounding environments including the existence of water also have a great influence on the behavior and mechanical properties of rocks. In this study, a novel-designed compression and seepage testing system, associated with an acoustic emission system, was designed and constructed. The changes in the specimens resulting from the uniaxial compression were monitored by an acoustic emission technique. The characteristics of the acoustic emission parameters at different stages including compaction and crack initiation, crack propagation, and catastrophic failure were analyzed. The existence of seepage had direct influences on the mechanical properties and failure patterns of the specimens. The specimens tested in pure compression conditions demonstrated strong burst proneness and ruptured into separate pieces, while for the specimens with seepage, no burst proneness was observed and the specimens tended to fail along a macroscopic shear failure plane. The highest average energy of the acoustic signal occurred at the stage of initial rupture of rock specimens, rather than at the stage of widespread rupture. The studies explored the possibilities of using the acoustic emission technique to investigate the problems associated with the seepage in geotechnical and rock engineering and provided meaningful results for further research in this field.

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An experimental framework for simulating stress corrosion cracking in cable bolts

Cited by 48 publications

References 48 publications

Corrosion Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Prestressed Rock Bolts (Cables) in the Underground Coal Mine

Corrosion Behavior and Failure Mechanism of Prestressed Rock Bolts (Cables) in the Underground Coal Mine

Laboratory-Based Investigation into Stress Corrosion Cracking of Cable Bolts

Investigation for Influences of Seepage on Mechanical Properties of Rocks Using Acoustic Emission Technique

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