An Experimental High-Resolution Forecast System During the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games

Mailhot, Jocelyn; Milbrandt, Jason A.; Giguère, André; McTaggart‐Cowan, Ron; Erfani, Amin; Denis, B.; Glazer, Anna; Vallée, Marcel

doi:10.1007/s00024-012-0520-6

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Forecast humidity was typically drier than measured values, but had similar temporal trends. Dry biases have been reported in NWP forecast verifications over western Canada Mailhot et al, 2012;Vionnet et al, 2014). Valley clouds were observed in GNP between 23 to 25 January and may explain some of the dry biases.…”

Section: Weather Forecast Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Meteorological, elevation, and slope effects on surface hoar formation

2015

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Abstract. Failure in layers of buried surface hoar crystals (frost) can cause hazardous snow slab avalanches. Surface hoar crystals form on the snow surface and are sensitive to micro-meteorological conditions. In this study, the role of meteorological and terrain factors was investigated for three layers of surface hoar in the Columbia Mountains of Canada. The distribution of crystals over different elevations and aspects was observed on 20 days of field observations during a period of high pressure. The same layers were modelled over simplified terrain on a 2.5 km horizontal grid by forcing the snow cover model SNOWPACK with forecast weather data from a numerical weather prediction model. Modelled surface hoar growth was associated with warm air temperatures, high humidity, cold surface temperatures, and low wind speeds. Surface hoar was most developed in regions and elevation bands where these conditions existed, although strong winds at high elevations caused some model discrepancies. SNOWPACK simulations on virtual slopes systematically predicted smaller surface hoar on south-facing slopes. In the field, a complex combination of surface hoar and sun crusts were observed, suggesting the simplified model did not adequately resolve the surface energy balance on slopes. Overall, a coupled weather-snow cover model could benefit avalanche forecasters by predicting surface hoar layers on a regional scale over different elevation bands.

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Section: Weather Forecast Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 78%

Meteorological, elevation, and slope effects on surface hoar formation

2015

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“…When a parameterization is developed for a special scale of approximately 50 km, it cannot be used for other scales unless the system studied is very homogeneous. Therefore, empirical and physical parameterizations should be improved or the dependence of the physical processes on the scale needs to be adjusted (Tao et al 2009;Mailhot et al 2014). Otherwise, when considering ice fog occurrence over shorter time scales, prediction of fog intensity along with a timely prediction of the location will not be reliable.…”

Section: • Cold Bias In Numerical Model Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction Ice Fog, Ice Clouds, and Remote Sensing

Gültepe

Heymsfield²

2016

Pure Appl. Geophys.

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“…There are no direct measurements of winds in the study area. Model winds were used as sourced from Environment Canada's Meteorological Service (EC-MSC) using the High Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (HRDPS) (Mailhot et al, 2014; https://weather. gc.ca/grib/grib2_HRDPS_HR_e.html).…”

Section: Windsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The variability of the sediment plume and ocean circulation features of the Nass River Estuary, British Columbia

Fissel

Lin²,

Scoon³

et al. 2017

som

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Abstract:The Nass River discharges into Nass Bay and Iceberg Bay, which are adjoining tidal inlets located within the northern inland waters of British Columbia, Canada. After the Skeena River, the Nass River is the second longest river within northern British Columbia, which discharges directly into Canadian waters of the Pacific Ocean. It is also supports one of the most productive salmon fisheries in northern British Columbia. The Nass River discharges into the eastern end of Nass Bay. Nass Bay, in turn feeds into Portland Canal and the fresh surface waters then flows westward to the Pacific Ocean via Dixon Entrance. The tides in Northern British Columbia are very large with a tidal height range of just over 7 m. Nass Bay is a shallow inlet of less than 10 km in length with typical water depths of than 10 m or less. The existing knowledge of oceanographic processes in Nass and Iceberg Bays was rudimentary until three years ago, when the first modern oceanographic measurements were obtained. In this study, the seasonal and tidal variability of the lateral extent of the Nass River surface plume is mapped from analyses of Landsat satellite data spanning the period from 2008 to 2015. A high resolution coupled three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model was developed and implemented, within the widely used and accepted Delft3D modeling framework, which was forced and validated using recent 2013-2016 in-situ oceanographic measurements. The combined satellite and numerical modeling methods are used to study the physical oceanographic and sediment transport regime of Nass and Iceberg Bays and the adjoining waters of Portland Inlet and Observatory Inlet. The ocean circulation of Nass and Iceberg Bays was found to be dominated by tidal currents, and by the highly seasonal and variable Nass River freshwater discharges. Complex lateral spatial patterns in the tidal currents occur due to the opening of the southwestern side of Nass Bay onto the deeper adjoining waters of Iceberg Bay. Surface winds are limited to a secondary role in the circulation variability. The sediment dynamics of the Nass Bay system features a very prominent surface sediment plume present from the time of freshet in mid-spring through to large rainfall runoff events in the fall. The time-varying turbidity distribution and transport paths of the Nass River sediment discharges in the study area were characterized using the model results combined with an analysis of several high-resolution multi-year Landsat satellite data sets. Keywords: Nass Bay; Nass River; iceberg bay; observatory inlet; Portland Inlet; circulation; numerical model; tidal current; wind-driven current; stratification; landsat satellite; remote sensing

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An Experimental High-Resolution Forecast System During the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games

Cited by 43 publications

References 23 publications

Meteorological, elevation, and slope effects on surface hoar formation

Meteorological, elevation, and slope effects on surface hoar formation

Introduction Ice Fog, Ice Clouds, and Remote Sensing

The variability of the sediment plume and ocean circulation features of the Nass River Estuary, British Columbia

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