An Experimental Investigation of Fischer-Tropsch Fuels in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine

Larsson, Monica; Denbratt, Ingemar

doi:10.4271/2007-01-0030

Cited by 30 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Schaberg (2005) found no significant difference in the spray tip penetration of GTL fuel, but the liquid fuel penetration of evaporative spray was found to be shorter with GTL than with EN 590 fuel because of the lower final boiling point of GTL. Larsson (2007) credited this effect to the lower density of GTL. Kook and Pickett (2012) observed a smaller penetration length for GTL fuel when compared with that of conventional diesel, due to the faster evaporation of GTL fuel.…”

Section: Petroleum Dieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late post-injection of biofuel blends in an optical diesel engine: Experimental and theoretical discussion on the inevitable wall-wetting effects on oil dilution

Hulkkonen

Tilli

Kaario

et al. 2016

International Journal of Engine Research

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In a diesel engine, diesel particulate filter is used to reduce particle matter emissions. Diesel particulate filter requires periodic regenerations under high-temperature conditions in the exhaust pipe in order to oxidize the accumulated soot. A common strategy to produce high exhaust gas temperature is to inject late post-injections after the main injection. However, this practice may dilute the engine oil, causing engine wear. Biofuel addition to petroleum diesel may increase oil dilution even more. This is related to the fuel spray characteristics, the post-injection control and the vaporization process of fuel in engine oil. In this study, spray properties of late post-injection were studied with petroleum diesel and two types of transport biofuel blends containing 30% either fatty acid methyl ester or hydro-treated vegetable oil. Three different late post-injection timings were investigated. Image sequences of the main spray flame as well as the noncombusting late post-injection spray were extracted. In order to verify oil dilution during regeneration cycle and late post-injection, oil samples from six-cylinder test engine were analyzed. According to the present experiments, differences in the spray characteristics are not significant with the tested fuels. However, higher oil dilution rates were observed with fuel blend composed of 30% fatty acid methyl ester. All the studied late post-injection timings were noted to lead to the unwanted cylinder spray/wall interaction and wall-wetting consequently diluting the engine oil. The spray/ wall interaction is thoroughly explained by introducing a theoretical/computational framework which characterizes any spray/wall interaction in terms of a phase diagram for any considered operation conditions. The novelty of this study arises from (1) first comparison of fatty acid methyl ester and hydro-treated vegetable oil blends in an optical engine, (2) strong evidence on the phenomena related to post-injection phase in six-cylinder and single-cylinder optical engine configurations and (3) the development of a single-droplet model showing inevitable wall-wetting.

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Section: Petroleum Dieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late post-injection of biofuel blends in an optical diesel engine: Experimental and theoretical discussion on the inevitable wall-wetting effects on oil dilution

Hulkkonen

Tilli

Kaario

et al. 2016

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…A new GTL process is proposed (e.g., Jaramillo, 2007;Larsson, 2007;Suehiro, et al, 2004) to be candidate in natural gas utilization mainly focusing on reducing green house gas emissions although GTL is quite low in other emission discharges. Energy system aspects of this process are summarized with an attempt to get an overview of the pathway, figuring out the economic issues with the emissions.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Bao

El‐Halwagi

Elbashir

2010

Fuel Processing Technology

158

103

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Simulation, Integration, and Economic Analysis of Gas-to-Liquid Processes. (December 2008) Buping Bao, B.S., Zhejiang University Chair of Advisory Committee: Dr. Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi Gas-to-liquid (GTL) process involves the chemical conversion of natural gas (or other gas sources) into synthetic crude that can be upgraded and separated into different useful hydrocarbon fractions including liquid transportation fuels. A leading GTL technology is the Fischer Tropsch process. The objective of this work is to provide a techno-economic analysis of the GTL process and to identify optimization and integration opportunities for cost saving and reduction of energy usage and environmental impact. First, a basecase flowsheet is synthesized to include the key processing steps of the plant. Then, computer-aided process simulation is carried out to determine the key mass and energy flows, performance criteria, and equipment specifications. Next, energy and mass integration studies are performed to address the following items: (a) heating and cooling utilities, (b) combined heat and power (process cogeneration), (c) management of process water, (c) optimization of tail-gas allocation, and (d) recovery of catalystsupporting hydrocarbon solvents. Finally, an economic analysis is undertaken to determine the plant capacity needed to achieve the break-even point and to estimate the return on investment for the base-case study. After integration, 884 million $/yr is saved from heat integration, 246 million $/yr from heat cogeneration, and 22 million $/yr from water management. Based on 128,000 barrels per day (BPD) of products, at least 68,000 BPD capacity is needed to keep the process profitable, with the return on investment (ROI) of 5.1%. Compared to 8 $/1000 SCF natural gas, 5 $/1000 SCF price can increase the ROI to 16.2%.

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“…High temperature FT is more suitable as a gasoline substitute. One draw-back to the low temperature product is the lower density than conventional diesel which may lead to a need to reconfigure the fuel injection strategy and hardware (Larsson and Denbratt, 2007). The catalytic FT process to produce diesel fuels is shown in the following reactions:…”

Section: Fischer-tropsch Dieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthetic Fuels Based on Dimethyl Ether as a Future Non-Fossil Fuel for Road Transport From Sustainable Feedstocks

2021

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In this review we consider the important future of the synthetic fuel, dimethyl ether (DME). We compare DME to two alternatives [oxymethylene ether (OMEx) and synthetic diesel through Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactions]. Finally, we explore a range of methodologies and processes for the synthesis of DME.DME is an alternative diesel fuel for use in compression ignition (CI) engines and may be produced from a range of waste feedstocks, thereby avoiding new fossil carbon from entering the supply chain. DME is characterised by low CO2, low NOx and low particulate matter (PM) emissions. Its high cetane number means it can be used in CI engines with minimal modifications. The key to creating a circular fuels economy is integrating multiple waste streams into an economically and environmentally sustainable supply chain. Therefore, we also consider the availability and nature of low-carbon fuels and hydrogen production. Reliable carbon dioxide sources are also essential if CO2 utilisation processes are to become commercially viable. The location of DME plants will depend on the local ecosystems and ideally should be co-located on or near waste emitters and low-carbon energy sources. Alternative liquid fuels are considered interesting in the medium term, while renewable electricity and hydrogen are considered as reliable long-term solutions for the future transport sector. DME may be considered as a circular hydrogen carrier which will also be able to store energy for use at times of low renewable power generation.The chemistry of the individual steps within the supply chain is generally well known and usually relies on the use of cheap and Earth-abundant metal catalysts. The thermodynamics of these processes are also well-characterised. So overcoming the challenge now relies on the expertise of chemical engineers to put the fundamentals into commercial practice. It is important that a whole systems approach is adopted as interventions can have detrimental unintended consequences unless close monitoring is applied. This review shows that while DME production has been achieved and shows great promise, there is considerable effort needed if we are to reach true net zero emissions in the transport sector, particularly long-haul road use, in the require timescales.

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An Experimental Investigation of Fischer-Tropsch Fuels in a Light-Duty Diesel Engine

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Late post-injection of biofuel blends in an optical diesel engine: Experimental and theoretical discussion on the inevitable wall-wetting effects on oil dilution

Late post-injection of biofuel blends in an optical diesel engine: Experimental and theoretical discussion on the inevitable wall-wetting effects on oil dilution

Simulation, integration, and economic analysis of gas-to-liquid processes

Synthetic Fuels Based on Dimethyl Ether as a Future Non-Fossil Fuel for Road Transport From Sustainable Feedstocks

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