An experimental model for non-union in rats

Hietaniemi, Kalevi; Peltonen, Jari; Paavolainen, Pekka

doi:10.1016/0020-1383(95)00135-2

Cited by 65 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…5 So far, the only published method of creating an atrophic nonunion, without creating a critically sized defect, is the thermal destruction of the periosteum. 5,7 In these studies, an IM nail was used for fixation, which is known to provide little stability and poorly defined biomechanical conditions for the fracture site. Differentiation is difficult to discern if an atrophic nonunion emerges due to mechanical or biological reasons, and large interfragmentary movements are typically associated with hypertrophic callus formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classically used K-wires, as a form of intramedullary (IM) fracture stabilization, 4,5 lack a locking possibility. Relatively large and poorly standardized interfragmentary movements result, [5][6][7] which tend to induce hypertrophic callus formation. Furthermore, IM implants, as well as plates, 6 may physically interfere with biological processes within the healing zone.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Hak and coworkers 8 observed endochondral ossification of the remaining bone marrow. Cauterization of the periosteum can successfully create an atrophic situation, 5,7 but this has so far not been combined with methods to standardize fixation stability.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new animal model for bone atrophic nonunion: Fixation by external fixator

Kaspar

Matziolis

Strube

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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ABSTRACT:A new small animal model of bone atrophic nonunion was established for investigating the process of bone regeneration by performing cauterization of the periosteum, removal of the local bone marrow, and stabilization with external fixation. The model allows the creation of an atrophic nonunion without the need for a critical size defect. Furthermore, it provides reproducible, well-defined mechanical conditions and minimized physical interference of the implant with the biological processes in the healing zone. Eighty adult SpragueDawley rats received an osteotomy of the left femur, stabilized with an external fixator. In half of the animals, the periosteum proximal and distal to the osteotomy was destroyed by cauterization and the adjacent bone marrow was removed (nonunion group). At 2 and 8 weeks after surgery, radiological, biomechanical, histological, and histomorphometrical analyses showed a typical physiological healing in the control group, while the nonunion group was characterized by resorption of the bone ends with some callus formation distant to the osteotomy. At both time points, the callus was composed of significantly less bone and significantly more connective tissue (p < 0.001). In addition, the torsional strength of the osteotomized femur was significantly less in the nonunion group than in the control group, which was comparable to that of the intact femur (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the present model allows the induction of an atrophic nonunion without the need of a critical size defect. It is reproducible, provides standardized biomechanical conditions, and allows minimized interaction of the implant with the healing zone. ß

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new animal model for bone atrophic nonunion: Fixation by external fixator

Kaspar

Matziolis

Strube

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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“…Experimental pseudarthrosis was generated as described previously (Hietaniemi et al 1995). In short, fracture of mid diaphysis of right femur was fixed loosely with 0.7 mm steel wire.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NF1 Gene Expression in Mouse Fracture Healing and in Experimental Rat Pseudarthrosis

Kuorilehto

Ekholm

Nissinen

et al. 2006

J Histochem Cytochem.

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(PP) S U M M A R Y Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an inherited disease with an incidence of about 1:3000 worldwide. Approximately half of all patients with NF1 present osseous manifestations, which can vary from mild to severely debilitating changes such as congenital pseudarthrosis. In the present study, fracture healing of mouse tibia was followed and specimens were collected 5, 9, 14, and 22 days postoperatively. Experimental pseudarthrosis of rat was followed up to 15 weeks postoperatively. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to demonstrate expression of NF1 tumor suppressor and phosphorylated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), an indicator of the Ras-MAPK pathway. The results showed that ossified callus was formed in mouse fracture 22 days after the operation. The final outcome of rat pseudarthrosis was detected 9 weeks after the operation, presenting abundant cartilaginous callus at the pseudarthrosis. NF1 gene expression was noted in the maturing and in the hypertrophic cartilages during normal mouse fracture healing, and in rat pseudarthrosis. Phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK was detected in a subpopulation of the hypertrophic chondrocytes in both models. Furthermore, positive labeling for NF1 mRNA and protein was detected in endothelium in both the pseudarthrosis and in the fracture. In conclusion, NF1 gene expression and function are needed for normal fracture healing, possibly restraining excessive Ras-MAPK pathway activation.

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“…[2] Models simulating impaired fracture healing in animals are difficult to conduct. Animal models of bony nonunion mainly utilize techniques with large segmental defects, unstable fixation or combinations of these procedures [3]. Descriptions or comparative studies of the different methods used in fracture research are often limited in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteotomy Model Is Not Suitable To Provide Insight into Normal Bone Healing

Yunus¹

2012

IOSR-JDMS

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An experimental model for non-union in rats

Cited by 65 publications

References 24 publications

A new animal model for bone atrophic nonunion: Fixation by external fixator

A new animal model for bone atrophic nonunion: Fixation by external fixator

NF1 Gene Expression in Mouse Fracture Healing and in Experimental Rat Pseudarthrosis

Osteotomy Model Is Not Suitable To Provide Insight into Normal Bone Healing

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