“…These previous studies suggest that most FRP-related studies have focused on the reinforcement effect of structures for repairing and retrofitting structures [ 9 ]. Based on the background described above, this study was conducted as a follow-up study to the research of Choi et al, Lee et al, and Kang and Kim [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. In particular, this study aims to evaluate FRP-concrete composite piles (Hybrid-CFFT, HCFFT) with a dual structure of composite materials, also used in the marine environment, with excellent flexural performance.…”