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In this paper, we persent the results of on experimental investigations pertaining to the structural behavior of new type of concrete filled fiber reinforced plastic circular tubes (i.e., hybrid CFFT, HCFFT) which are suggested in order to mitigate the problems associated with the concrete filled steel-concrete composite tube (CFT) and the concrete filled fiber reinforced plastic tube (CFFT). It is found that when the HCFFT is used in the construction of pile foundation the HCFFT pile can transfer axial as well as flexural loads from the superstructure to the underground effectively in comparison with CFT and CFFT piles.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the sport psychological skills of Taekwondo athletes and to develop a scale measuring such skills. We collected preliminary data using an open-ended online survey targeting Taekwondo athletes from nine countries (South Korea, China, Malaysia, United States, Spain, France, Brazil, United Kingdom, and Taiwan) who participated in international competitions between 2019 and 2020. We extracted participants’ sport psychological skills from 75 survey responses, guided by expert meetings and a thorough literature review. We verified our Taekwondo psychological skill scale’s construct validity using 840 survey responses. We utilized V coefficients, parallel analysis, an exploratory structural equation model, maximum likelihood, confirmatory factor analysis, and multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for data analysis. We identified six core sport psychological skills: “goal setting,” “confidence,” “imagery,” “self-talk,” “fighting spirit,” and “concentration.” Our final measure, which demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity, comprises 18 items spanning 6 factors, with each item rated on a 3-point Likert scale.