An experimental study of scaling effects in notched quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates under compressive loads

Xu, Xiaodong; Paul, Aakash; Sun, Xiaoyang; Wisnom, Michael R

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106029

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Otherwise, the upper grips would have interfered with the anti-buckling guides. Justifications can be found from the previous openhole results [59], in which the slightly wider (120 mm) open-hole specimen not loaded over the complete width shared the same strength scaling trend as the narrower uniformly loaded specimens (100 mm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Previously, two CAI jigs (Fig. 4) modified from the standard CAI test jig [58] were successfully used to study the strength scaling in notched compression tests [59]. These jigs were selected for this study because their design would enable easy accommodation of a wide range of specimen dimensions from 120 to 220 mm in width.…”

Section: Compression After Impact Test Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developing Test Methods for Compression after Lightning Strikes

Millen

Lee

et al. 2023

Appl Compos Mater

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Research into residual strength after lightning strike is increasing within the literature. However, standard test methods for measuring residual compressive strength after lightning strikes do not exist. For the first time, a systematic experimental study is undertaken to evaluate modifications necessary to standard Compression After Impact (CAI) specimen geometry and test jig design to induce specimen failure at the lightning damage region. Four laboratory generated lightning strike currents with peak amplitudes ranging from 25 to 100 kA have been studied. Test set-up modifications were made considering the scale of the lightning damage and its potential proximity to specimen edges. Specimen geometry and anti-buckling guides were adjusted for each peak current to induce specimen failure at the lightning damage. The Compression After Lightning (CAL) strength was 28% lower than the pristine CAI strength even at a relatively low peak current of 25 kA. This study shows that the standard CAI test setup has the potential for CAL application, however, careful modifications are required depending on the peak amplitude of the applied lightning current waveform.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Compression After Impact Test Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Test Methods for Compression after Lightning Strikes

Millen

Lee

et al. 2023

Appl Compos Mater

Self Cite

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“…42 laminate with 4mm thickness for all tests. 43 Table 5 shows the results of the experiments; from the table, we can conclude that the compressive strength decreases with increasing in-plane dimensions. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by Soutis and Lee.…”

Section: In-plane Dimensional Scaling (Twodimensional Scaling)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In‐plane dimensions were scaled up by a factor of up to 14. Experiments were conducted on

{([], 45 / 90 / - 45 / 0)}_{4 s}

laminate with 4

mm

thickness for all tests 43 . Table 5 shows the results of the experiments; from the table, we can conclude that the compressive strength decreases with increasing in‐plane dimensions.…”

Section: Challenges Associated With Composite Component Design With Holementioning

confidence: 98%

An overview of mechanical properties and failure mechanism of FRP laminates with hole/cutout

Gupta

Pal

Ray

2023

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Aerospace and aircraft companies follow a pyramidal structure of testing, ranging from specimen tests to full-scale structure tests, for aircraft structural design. At the base level, open hole strength evaluation is one of the qualification procedures for composite components. The holes are made in the structural components to accommodate bolts and rivets in order to assemble the parts into a single unit. Holes in the component are also used to fulfill functional requirements, such as the passage of wire bundles. FRP components are sensitive to these holes/cutouts as substantial decrement in the strength is observed in several experiments. The degradation in the strength of the component is due to stress concentration around the hole. This review aims to comprehend the effect of the hole on the mechanical properties of FRP laminates; the emphasis is mainly on CFRP laminates and experimental results. An overview of tensile, compressive, flexural and post buckling properties of laminates with the hole is presented to aid in the optimal design of the component. Finally, the failure mechanism during loading is discussed and described through a graphical presentation.

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“…Torabi et al [7] investigated the load-carrying capacity of glass/epoxy laminates with central U-shaped notches of various tip radii by using the virtual isotropic material concept without the need for ply-by-ply failure analysis. Xu et al [8] studied the size effect in centernotched CFRP laminates under compression and found that the compressive strength of the small center-notched specimen is similar to that of the open-hole specimens. As the in-plane sizes increase, the center notches are weaker than the open holes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Notched Behaviors of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composite Laminates: Predictions and Experiments

2023

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This paper experimentally studied the influence of the notch shape and size on the damage evolution and failure strength (tension and torsion) of carbon fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix (CFRP) laminates. Hashin’s damage criteria were utilized to monitor the evolution of multi-damage modes, and FEM simulations were also performed by using the ABAQUS code to clarify the specific damage modes in detail as an instructive complement. The failure characteristics of all the notched samples were analyzed and compared with those without notches. The measured results presented that the existence of a variety of notches significantly impaired the load carrying capacity of CFRP laminates. The tensile strengths of C-notch and U-notch increase with an increasing notch radius, while the ultimate torques of C-notch and V-notch decrease with an increasing notch size and angle. The variation in notched properties was explained by different notch shapes and sizes, and the failure characteristics were also presented and compared among notched CFRP laminates with varied notches.

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An experimental study of scaling effects in notched quasi-isotropic carbon/epoxy laminates under compressive loads

Cited by 9 publications

References 19 publications

Developing Test Methods for Compression after Lightning Strikes

Developing Test Methods for Compression after Lightning Strikes

An overview of mechanical properties and failure mechanism of FRP laminates with hole/cutout

Notched Behaviors of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Matrix Composite Laminates: Predictions and Experiments

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