An experimental study of very high velocity circular water jets in air

Rajaratnam, N.; Rizvi, S. A. H.; Steffler, P. M.; Smy, P. R.

doi:10.1080/00221689409498746

Cited by 35 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Also their results do not simulate the actual physics as experimentally observed by Rajaratnam et al (1994). Thus the flow physics of high-speed turbulent water jets in air are simulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The objective is to perform numerical simulations of high-speed turbulent water jets in air and to compare the results with published test data of Rajaratnam et al (1994Rajaratnam et al ( , 1998 and Leach et al (1966). Equation (10) needs therefore to be coupled with the continuity and momentum equations of turbulent multiphase flows.…”

Section: Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Much like Rajaratnam et al (1994Rajaratnam et al ( , 1998, they divided the jet into three distinct regions:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, their curve did not provide satisfactory results for the relevant axial distances in cleaning operations. Rajaratnam et al (1994Rajaratnam et al ( , 1998) used a converging-straight nozzle of D ¼ 2 mm and nozzle exit (subscript "0") velocity of around V 0 ¼ 155 m/s. They found that the centreline jet velocity remains constant and equal to V 0 for more than 100D and then linearly decays to 0.25V 0 at about 2500D.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical simulation of high-speed turbulent water jets in air

Guha

Barron

Balachandar

2010

Journal of Hydraulic Research

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Numerical simulation of high-speed turbulent water jets in air and its validation with experimental data has not been reported in the literature. It is therefore aimed to simulate the physics of these high-speed water jets and compare the results with the existing experimental works. High-speed water jets diffuse in the surrounding atmosphere by the processes of mass and momentum transfer. Air is entrained into the jet stream and the entire process contributes to jet spreading and subsequent pressure decay. Hence the physical problem is in the category of multiphase flows, for which mass and momentum transfer is to be determined to simulate the problem. Using the Eulerian multiphase and the k-e turbulence models, plus a novel numerical model for mass and momentum transfer, the simulation was achieved. The results reasonably predict the flow physics of high-speed water jets in air.

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“…Also their results do not simulate the actual physics as experimentally observed by Rajaratnam et al (1994). Thus the flow physics of high-speed turbulent water jets in air are simulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Numerical Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Much like Rajaratnam et al (1994Rajaratnam et al ( , 1998, they divided the jet into three distinct regions:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Numerical simulation of high-speed turbulent water jets in air

Guha

Barron

Balachandar

2010

Journal of Hydraulic Research

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“…The velocity of the fluid in the jet injection contributes to the distribution in the tissues, whereas the diameter of the jet and the injected volume limit the penetration depth (Arora et al, 2007). The efficiency of this method depends on nozzle diameter (150-300 lm), velocity of the liquid jet, and distance between the nozzle and surface of the tissue (Rajaratnam et al, 1994).…”

Section: Jet Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Myocardial Gene Transfer: Routes and Devices for Regulation of Transgene Expression by Modulation of Cellular Permeability

Katz

Fargnoli²,

Bridges³

2013

Human Gene Therapy

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Heart diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Gene therapy approaches are becoming promising therapeutic modalities to improve underlying molecular processes affecting failing cardiomyocytes. Numerous cardiac clinical gene therapy trials have yet to demonstrate strong positive results and advantages over current pharmacotherapy. The success of gene therapy depends largely on the creation of a reliable and efficient delivery method. The establishment of such a system is determined by its ability to overcome the existing biological barriers, including cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking as well as modulation of cellular permeability. In this article, we describe a variety of physical and mechanical methods, based on the transient disruption of the cell membrane, which are applied in nonviral gene transfer. In addition, we focus on the use of different physiological techniques and devices and pharmacological agents to enhance endothelial permeability. Development of these methods will undoubtedly help solve major problems facing gene therapy.

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Numerical modeling of chlorine concentration in water storage tanks

Codina

Principe

Muñoz

et al. 2015

Numerical Methods in Fluids

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Summary In this paper, we describe a numerical model to simulate the evolution in time of the hydrodynamics of water storage tanks, with particular emphasis on the time evolution of chlorine concentration. The mathematical model contains several ingredients particularly designed for this problem, namely, a boundary condition to model falling jets on free surfaces, an arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation to account for the motion of the free surface because of demand and supply of water, and a coupling of the hydrodynamics with a convection–diffusion–reaction equation modeling the time evolution of chlorine. From the numerical point of view, the equations resulting from the mathematical model are approximated using a finite element formulation, with linear continuous interpolations on tetrahedra for all the unknowns. To make it possible, and also to be able to deal with convection‐dominated flows, a stabilized formulation is used. In order to capture the sharp gradients present in the chlorine concentration, particularly near the injection zone, a discontinuity capturing technique is employed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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An experimental study of very high velocity circular water jets in air

Cited by 35 publications

References 3 publications

Numerical simulation of high-speed turbulent water jets in air

Numerical simulation of high-speed turbulent water jets in air

Myocardial Gene Transfer: Routes and Devices for Regulation of Transgene Expression by Modulation of Cellular Permeability

Numerical modeling of chlorine concentration in water storage tanks

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