An Experimental Study of Warming Intravenous Fluid in a Cold Environment☆

Platts‐Mills, Timothy F.; Stendell, Eric; Lewin, Matthew R.; Moya, Micheal N.; Dhah, Kulraj; Stroh, Geoff; Shalit, Marc

doi:10.1580/06-weme-or-051r1.1

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous experiments using similar modalities have successfully demonstrated the ability to use commercially available chemical heating sources to directly heat IV bag solutions over a period of time to temperatures above homeostatic body temperature. 7 The goal of this experiment was to investigate whether heating of IV fluids through direct contact between coiled IV tubing and a heating source could achieve desirable temperature end points without the waiting period that was required in the study that directly heated the IV bag solutions. We used heating sources that would be easily attainable and applicable to an austere environment or an air transport team.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field, there is a great variation in prehospital conditions, and other factors that must be considered include altitude, wind, sun conditions, and humidity. 7 The previously mentioned studies focused on applying the heat to the IV bag and not primarily targeting the IV tubing. One study that focused on in-hospital IV fluids and blood transfusions looked at heat loss of warmed IV fluid when traveling through unheated tubing.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Heating Intravenous Fluid Tubing in an Experimental Setting for Prehospital Hypothermia

Rodríguez

Algaze

Almog

et al. 2021

Air Medical Journal

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Hypothermia secondary to environmental exposure is a serious condition. Active external warming measures to treat it may prove challenging in the prehospital setting. We conducted an experimental study to measure the ability of commercially available heating elements to warm intravenous (IV) fluids during infusion. Methods: 250-milliliter bags of dextrose 10% solution were suspended inside a refrigerator. IV tubing was coiled, and the tubing output was placed inside a thermally insulated cup. The tubing was heated directly with a hand warmer, a meals ready-to-eat heater, or a heating blanket. Fluids were run through the IV line. The temperature of the fluid at the tubing output was measured. The initial and final infusion temperatures for the methods were compared. Results: The use of hand warmers, meals ready-to-eat heaters, and heating blankets to warm IV tubing did increase the temperature of the fluids but was ineffective at achieving the desired mean infusion temperature of 35°C to 42°C. Conclusion: Although the mean temperature increase did not meet the established experimental threshold, further research is needed to determine whether the fluid warming effect of these commercial heating elements used in the prehospital environment is significant enough to limit heat loss while repleting the dextrose of a hypothermic, hypoglycemic patient.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heating Intravenous Fluid Tubing in an Experimental Setting for Prehospital Hypothermia

Rodríguez

Algaze

Almog

et al. 2021

Air Medical Journal

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“…Si se perfunde 1 l de suero a 42 8C a un paciente hipoté rmico de 75 kg cuya temperatura es de 27 8C, se transfiere 1 kgÂ(42-27 8C)=15 kcal, y la elevació n de la temperatura es de 15 kcal/ 0,83/75=0,24 8C. Aunque la elevació n de la temperatura es pequeñ a, el aumento en 1-2 8C puede salvar la vida 41 . El calentamiento es menor si la infusió n no se hace rá pidamente y con un equipo de suero muy corto (<25 cm) 42 .…”

Section: Te´cnicas Mı´nimamente Invasivasunclassified

Hipotermia accidental

Martínez¹,

Bayego²,

Reisten³

2011

Medicina Clínica

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Accidental hypothermia is an infrequent and under-diagnosed pathology, which causes fatalities every year. Its management requires thermometers to measure core temperature. An esophageal probe may be used in a hospital situation, although in moderate hypothermia victims epitympanic measurement is sufficient. Initial management involves advance life support and body rewarming. Vigorous movements can trigger arrhythmia which does not use to respond to medication or defibrillation until the body reaches 30°C. External, passive rewarming is the method of choice for mild hypothermia and a supplementary method for moderate or severe hypothermia. Active external rewarming is indicated for moderate or severe hypothermia or mild hypothermia that has not responded to passive rewarming. Active internal rewarming is indicated for hemodynamically stable patients suffering moderate or severe hypothermia. Patients with severe hypothermia, cardiac arrest or with a potassium level below 12 mmol/l may require cardiopulmonary bypass treatment.

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“…In a cold environment or patients with hypothermia, many studies have examined the methods for using warm fluids [1]. In cases in which the temperature of fluids was not increased close to the body temperature and a massive amount of cool fluids were administered or during the cool period of summer or winter, a hypothermia can frequently occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a battle field setting which is exposed to the external environment, there are methods that chemical thermogenic packs are generally used to heat an emergency food or those that an immersion in a hot water is attempted [1]. Besides, methods for increasing the temperature of fluids using an ultra-high frequency wave have also been proposed [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of infusion rate and catheter length on the temperature of warming fluid

Lee

Kim

Park

et al. 2010

Korean J Anesthesiol

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BackgroundWe used warming fluid for maintenance of body temperature in operating room or intensive care unit. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of infusion rate and catheter length on the temperature of warming fluid.MethodsNormal saline was used for testing infusion and temperature of infusion was maintained by a warmer as 40℃. The temperatures of solution in infusion line were measured at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 cm apart from warmer at six different flow rates (100, 200, 300, 700, 1,400, and 2,100 ml/h). We also measured the temperature changes at room temperature (RT) and 5℃, 10℃, and 15℃ above RT.ResultsThe time to maintain solution temperature as 40℃ was 165, 122, 37, 37, 21, and 19 s at flow rate 100, 200, 300, 700, 1,400, and 2,100 ml/h. The peak temperature was 43.58 ± 0.58, 44.43 ± 1.18, 44.37 ± 0.70, 43.79 ± 0.61, 42.82 ± 0.97, and 42.11 ± 0.92℃ according to increasing flow rate. The temperature at 100 cm apart from warmer was 23.96 ± 1.53, 25.46 ± 2.76, 29.32 ± 3.47, 31.40 ± 5.38, 31.39 ± 6.75, and 38.14 ± 0.96℃ according to increasing flow rate.ConclusionsThese results suggested that the decreasing rate of temperature was related inversely to the flow rate and directly to the catheter length. There may be needed a rapid infusion pump with adequate heating system at a high flow rate and to locate the warmer close to patient for reserving a heating effect.

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An Experimental Study of Warming Intravenous Fluid in a Cold Environment☆

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Heating Intravenous Fluid Tubing in an Experimental Setting for Prehospital Hypothermia

Heating Intravenous Fluid Tubing in an Experimental Setting for Prehospital Hypothermia

Hipotermia accidental

The effect of infusion rate and catheter length on the temperature of warming fluid

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