An experimental study on Sodalite and SAP matrices for immobilization of spent chloride salt waste

Giacobbo, Francesca; Ros, Mirko Da; Macerata, Elena; Mariani, Mario; Giola, Marco; Angelis, Giorgio De; Capone, Mauro; Fedeli, Carlo

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.11.051

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…It was shown that the compound had high hydrolytic stability also at 90 ± 2 • C. Leaching rate of Cs was less than 1.9 × 10 −6 g/(cm 2 •day), which corresponded to the leaching rate of cesium from high-temperature matrices with almost the same load of waste. For example, it was shown in [7], that normalized release of cesium (g/m 2 ) after 7 days leaching test at 90 ± 2 • C from SAP based samples (in the system SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -P 2 O 5 ), mixed with glass frit or borosilicate glass and containing 23.33 wt% an electrolyte surrogate of pyrochemical reprocessing of SNF, was 0.0395 or (0.811-1.36), that corresponded to a normalized release rate of Cs -5.6 × 10 −7 or (1.2-1.9) × 10 −5 g/(cm 2 •day), respectively. 20 wt% LiCl-KCl-CsCl MPPZ 7.6 × 10 −10 1.6 × 10 −7 1.6 × 10 −6 1.9 × 10 −6 2.6 × 10 −8 MPPZ_180 • C 1.3 × 10 −9 2.6 × 10 −7 2.6 × 10 −6 2.9 × 10 −6 3.3 × 10 −7 MPPZ_450 • C 2.8 × 10 −9 4.1 × 10 −7 3.7 × 10 −6 2.1 × 10 −6 4.0 × 10 −7…”

Section: Characterization Of Mpp Compound Containing Licl-kcl-cscl Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioning of Spent Electrolyte Surrogate LiCl-KCl-CsCl Using Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Compound

et al. 2020

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The current work was aimed at developing a new conditioning method of spent electrolyte-radioactive waste (RW) generated during the pyrochemical reprocessing of mixed nitride uranium-plutonium spent nuclear fuel. Magnesium potassium phosphate (MPP) compound samples were synthesized under solidification of the electrolyte surrogate solution in a LiCl-KCl-CsCl system. The phase composition and structure of obtained compounds were studied by XRD and SEM-EDS methods. It was found that the compounds possessed a high compressive strength of 17–26 MPa. Hydrolytic stability of the compounds was evaluated in accordance with the long semi-dynamic test GOST R 52126-2003 and with the static PCT test. The 137Cs content in the leached solutions was determined by gamma-ray spectrometry, and other compound components were determined by ICP–AES and ICP–MS methods. The differential leaching rate of Cs at 25 °C from monolithic samples on the 91st day of samples contact with water was 5–11 × 10−5 g/(cm2·day) (GOST R 52126-2003), and was 4–29 × 10−7 g/(cm2∙day) on the 7th day at 90 °C from crushed samples (PCT). The thermal stability of the compound at 180 °C and 450 °C was shown. The characteristics of the obtained MPP compound correspond to the current regulatory requirements for materials for RW conditioning.

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Section: Characterization Of Mpp Compound Containing Licl-kcl-cscl Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditioning of Spent Electrolyte Surrogate LiCl-KCl-CsCl Using Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Compound

et al. 2020

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“…The low incorporation of salts within conventional glass networks and the narrow selection of chloride-containing minerals for salt disposal have together necessitated the investigation of alternative disposition pathways [38]. These sites incorporate salt cations of various valencies into crystalline metal aluminosilicates, metal aluminophosphates, and metal phosphates while off-gassing chlorine [132]. The stable phases identified using XRD include (Li,K) 3 PO 4 , Cs 2 AlP 3 O 10 , Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl, CePO 4 , BaP 2 O 7 , and assorted aluminium silicate hydrate compounds.…”

Section: Dehalogenationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Si–O–Al, Al–O–P, P–O–P). These sites incorporate salt cations of various valencies into crystalline metal aluminosilicates, metal aluminophosphates, and metal phosphates while off-gassing chlorine [132]. The stable phases identified using XRD include (Li,K) 3 PO 4 , Cs 2 AlP 3 O 10 , Sr 5 (PO 4 ) 3 Cl, CePO 4 , BaP 2 O 7 , and assorted aluminium silicate hydrate compounds.…”

Section: Waste Form Options For Salt Waste Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results from PCT-B experiments performed by Giacobbo and collaborators on SAP-derived waste forms are shown in Figure 9 [132,133]. Solution feedback appears to attenuate the release of Si-containing species while higher alkali release rates exhibit sub-linear (root-time) behaviour indicative of diffusive release.…”

Section: Waste Form Options For Salt Waste Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These release rates do not indicate that one phase (sodalite or binder glass) is preferentially subject to release attenuation. Because the kinetics of release depend strongly on the initial solid surface area-to-solution volume ratio ( S / V ), direct comparison with PCT-B results of similar waste forms require matches between this and other test parameters.

Figure 9. PCT-B data for glass-ceramic waste forms derived from SAP glasses, taken from [132]. …”

Section: Waste Form Options For Salt Waste Streamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The molten salt reactor (MSR) is one of the leading advanced nuclear reactor candidates to replace current nuclear reactor technologies in the U.S. Besides having more economical and reliable designs, MSRs are amenable to a closed fuel cycle, in which electrochemical reprocessing can be performed to recycle the used nuclear fuel. This review intends to provide information about potential waste forms for metal and salt waste streams from these salt-based nuclear processes. Metal waste streams arise from reactor components and structural materials. Salt waste streams are generated during reactor operations as fission products build up in salt-fuelled systems. Waste forms that have the highest waste loading and/or have shown the most commercial promise are discussed with an emphasis on the current state of efforts to understand the synthesis and chemical durability of metal and ceramic waste forms.

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Synthesis, structure and thermal stability of iodine-contained sodalites Na8(AlSiO4)6Cl2-I (x = 0–2) for 129I immobilization

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et al. 2022

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An experimental study on Sodalite and SAP matrices for immobilization of spent chloride salt waste

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

Conditioning of Spent Electrolyte Surrogate LiCl-KCl-CsCl Using Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Compound

Conditioning of Spent Electrolyte Surrogate LiCl-KCl-CsCl Using Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Compound

Molten salt reactors and electrochemical reprocessing: synthesis and chemical durability of potential waste forms for metal and salt waste streams

Synthesis, structure and thermal stability of iodine-contained sodalites Na8(AlSiO4)6Cl2-I (x = 0–2) for 129I immobilization

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