An expert-based method for the risk assessment of anomalous maritime transportation data

Iphar, Clément; Napoli, Aldo; Ray, Cyril

doi:10.1016/j.apor.2020.102337

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Newer approaches integrating the new technologies have been proposed since 2013, such as artificial intelligence (Mohamed-Seghir et al., 2021) and big data science (i.e. AIS) (Iphar et al., 2020).…”

Section: Major Research Focuses and Developments On Ship Collision Ri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ship collision risk assessment, hotspot detection and path planning for maritime traffic control in restricted waters

Meng

Fang

et al. 2022

J. Navigation

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The three research topics, ship collision risk assessment, ship traffic hotspot detection and prediction, and collision-avoidance based ship path planning, are vital for next-generation vessel traffic management and monitoring systems. The system development is closely related to big data analytics and artificial intelligence for restricted waters. This study, therefore, aims to analyse the state-of-the art of these three topics over the latest decade, identify research gaps, and shed light on future research avenues. To achieve these three objectives, we critically and systematically review related articles that were published during the period between 2011 and 2021. We believe that this comprehensive and critical literature review would have a significant and profound impact on the formal safety assessment and vessel traffic management, and monitoring studies because it is not only an extension but also an essential continuity work of the literature review on maritime waterway risk assessment and prediction, as well as ship path guidance for ship collision risk mitigation in accordance with current automation vessels development and modern intelligent port construction.

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Section: Major Research Focuses and Developments On Ship Collision Ri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of ship collision risk assessment, hotspot detection and path planning for maritime traffic control in restricted waters

Meng

Fang

et al. 2022

J. Navigation

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“…A ship is a complex system of systems: from the bow to the stern, from the engine room to the bridge, tens of Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) systems are interconnected to ensure her mission and safety. Among the potentially vulnerable systems of the ship, we can cite more precisely the various systems contributing to the navigation function, such as GPS and AIS, but also the NMEA (National Marine Electronic Association) interconnection standard [2,6,7]. In order to develop solutions able to reduce the cyber attack surface of vulnerable systems, it is important to understand how this type of system works and to collect a large number of data representing a wide spectrum of situations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holistic Approach of Integrated Navigation Equipment for Cybersecurity at Sea

Boudehenn

Cexus

Abdelkader

et al. 2023

Springer Proceedings in Complexity

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Recent studies have demonstrated the interest of analyzing GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and AIS (Automatic Identification System) data to improve the safety of naval infrastructures for a wide spectrum of maritime applications. However, in-depth analyzes also underline the sensitivity of these systems to attacks such as jamming and spoofing. In this context, it is essential that researchers, specialized organisations and companies rely on realistic data to improve these types of systems to better detect and cope with potential threats. However, because of the lack of open data sets, or due to financial, technical or operational reasons, the use of simulated data is preferred in most cases over real life data, which can lead to biases. To cope with this challenge, we have developed a prototype called "HAPPINESS" for "Holistic APProach of Integrated Navigation Equipment for Cybersecurity at Sea". The main objective of this dedicated and autonomous embedded system is to collect navigation data in real time without using proprietary or restrictive protocols. The generated open data, then continuously feeds a cyber naval platform able to reproduce the functional and operational systems of a ship. This prototype allows to reproduce the kinematics of a ship in various contexts (like specific maneuvers, long tracks, docking...) in NMEA format in order to design highly realistic scenarios based on real life data and allowing to obtain more complete and richer data (than those freely accessible online) in terms of information, giving additional means to detect anomalies on navigation systems.

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“…In a 2014 analysis, maritime data analytics company Windward identified as the top five most common AIS manipulation practices: identity fraud (falsifying the ship identity in AIS); obscuring destination (deliberately changing or not reporting planned voyage destination); GNSS manipulation (tampering with the AIS positioning feed); and AIS spoofing (the creation of false or “ghost” ships); in addition to “going dark” (introduced above). Balduzzi, Pasta, and Wilhoit (2014) provides a more in‐depth survey of AIS security and integrity risks, with Iphar, Napoli, and Ray (2020) classifying a wide range of different integrity and manipulation issues with AIS data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%