An expert recommendation on salt intake and blood pressure management in Chinese patients with hypertension: A statement of the Chinese Medical Association Hypertension Professional Committee

Sun, Ning; Mu, Jianjun; Li, Yuming

doi:10.1111/jch.13501

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The ion concentration of the morning voiding urine was used to calculate the estimated excretion of the 24-h U Na via the five formulas: Kawasaki, Tanaka, INTERSALT, Mage, and Uechi (Table 1 ). The participants were divided into three subgroups based on actual U Na excretion: the lower salt intake subgroup (U Na ≤ 2.36 g/day, salt ≤ 6.00 g/day), moderate salt intake subgroup (2.36 < U Na ≤ 4.72 g/day, 6.00 < salt ≤ 12.00 g/day), and higher salt intake subgroup (4.72 g/day < U Na , 12.00 g/day < salt) according to an expert recommendation on salt intake and blood pressure management in Chinese patients with hypertension [ 13 ]. The performance of the five formulas was compared across sex and salt intake subgroups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of five formulas in estimating 24-h urinary sodium via spot urine sampling in hypertensive patients living in Northeast China

Qian

Wang

Yan

et al. 2020

Journal of Hypertension

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Objective: The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of five formulas -- the Kawasaki, Tanaka, INTERSALT, Mage, and Uechi methods -- using spot urinary sampling for 24-h urinary sodium (U Na ) prediction in hypertensive patients living in northeast China. Methods: There were 1154 hypertensive patients enrolled from multiple centers. Five different formulas were used to predict 24-h U Na excretion via spot morning urinary samples. Actual U Na excretion was measured from 24-h urine samples. The estimated value was compared with the actual value by examining biases, the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland–Altman plots. Results: The average excretion of sodium was 2.97 ± 1.26 g/day. The formula-produced mean biases for actual U Na were 0.31 g/day for INTERSALT, 0.80 g/day for Mage, 0.88 g/day for Tanaka, 1.14 g/day for Uechi, and 1.95 g/day for Kawasaki. The ICC was 0.511 for Kawasaki, 0.499 for INTERSALT, 0.468 for Tanaka, 0.402 for Mage, and 0.378 for Uechi. The least mean bias in the lower and moderate salt intake subgroups was 1.22 and 0.07 g/day, respectively, which was calculated using the Mage and INTERSALT methods. The least mean bias in the higher salt intake subgroup was 0.10 g/day for the Uechi method. The INTERSALT method was more efficiency at the individual level, with 17.4% of participants having relative differences within 10%, and 22.3% participants having absolute differences within 393 mg. Conclusion: The INTERSALT method may exhibit a good performance in estimating 24-h urinary sodium level for the hypertensive population living in northeast China.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of five formulas in estimating 24-h urinary sodium via spot urine sampling in hypertensive patients living in Northeast China

Qian

Wang

Yan

et al. 2020

Journal of Hypertension

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“…[22][23][24][25][26] The organs often affected by the hypertensive pathology include the heart, vessels, kidneys, eyes and brain. [27][28][29] Specifically, the endothelium is recognized as a monolayer of cells playing a major role in vascular physiology and pathophysiology. Studies suggest that arterial hypertension causes a decrease in endothelial function correlated with a reduction in the efficacy of NO-dependent vasodilatation and an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill et Perr. Bark of Trunk in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rat

Belemnaba¹,

Nitiéma²,

Ilboudo³

et al. 2021

JEP

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Background The present study investigates the effect of an aqueous extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (AEAL) on normotensive Wistar rats and its chronic antihypertensive effects in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats by using a non-invasive tail-cuff model. Methods The effects of AEAL (50mg/kg) and NaCl 0.9% on blood pressure were investigated by daily oral administration in normotensive Wistar rats over four weeks. L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats were produced by L-NAME (40mg/kg) daily oral administration for two weeks. For chronic antihypertensive effects, induced hypertensive rats have received L-NAME in combination with AEAL (10 or 50mg/kg/day) for two following weeks. Results In normotensive rats, daily administration of AEAL (50mg/kg) has no significant effect on their blood pressure, which was similar to that of the control group. L-NAME’s daily oral administration induces a progressive increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP) from 115.8 ± 7.9mmHg to 153.5 ± 4.6mmHg after two weeks, which was maintained to the end of the treatment. In L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats, AEAL (50mg/kg/day) significantly decreases the SPB from 160.0 ± 5.8 mmHg to 108.8 ± 2.7mmHg after only four days of administration. However, the lower dose of AEAL (10mg/kg) also normalized the SBP of L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats but only evident after seven days of administration. Moreover, AEAL does not effect on the serum biochemical parameters (ALAT, ASAT, CREAT, etc.) and any macroscopic adverse effect was detected on the sensible organs involved during hypertension. In the aorta rings from treated rats, AEAL (50mg/kg/day) alone or in combination with L-NAME has enhanced the vasodilation effect of acetylcholine. However, the vasodilation effect of AEAL alone or in association with L-NAME has enhanced the sodium nitroprusside effect in treated rat aorta rings after autopsy. Conclusion These findings suggest that AEAL affords significant antihypertensive effects against L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats without modification of serum parameters and deleterious effects.

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“…However, only 8.3% of Chinese hypertension patients have been under control [10]. According to several studies, family genetics [11], environment [12], overweight or obesity [13], high salt diet [14,15], smoking [16], and insobriety [17] are the main risk factors for hypertension. China is now facing a high prevalence of high blood pressure caused by various risk factors [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine for Primary Hypertension: A Bayesian Network Meta‐Analysis

Chen

Shi

Tan

et al. 2020

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Background. Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine (TCPM) is now being used more and more extensively for primary hypertension in China. However, the comparative efficacy and safety of it need more clarified evidence. Thus, we conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare TCPMs with other interventions. Methods. We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to April 2019 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with diagnosis of primary hypertension that compared the efficacy of TCPMs with antihypertension drugs (ADs). Two researchers screened literature, extracted data, and evaluated risk of bias independently. The primary outcomes were systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The secondary outcomes were adverse effects (AEs), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG). We used the Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare interventions and described the categorical variable and the continuous variable as odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD), respectively. Besides, we ranked all interventions via the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking (SUCRA) values and conducted metaregression with nine covariates as additional analysis. Results. We included 192 studies with 23366 patients diagnosed as primary hypertension in total. For SBP reduction, eighteen interventions were significantly better than AD. Among them, Yinxingye (YXY) + AD (MD = −12, 95% CrI [−16, −8.5]) was superior to others in the rank plot with SUCRA 0.91. For DBP reduction, sixteen interventions were significantly better than AD. Among them, Qinggan Jiangya (QGJY) + AD (MD = −8.7, 95% CrI [−12, −5.5]) and Qiju Dihuang (QJDH) + AD (MD = −8.8, 95% CrI [−12, −5.2]) were superior to others in the rank plot with SUCRA 0.89. To summarize the SUCRA values, we found that QGJY + AD and YXY + AD had the most significant reductions for both SBP and DBP. YXY + AD was the best one for both TC (MD = −1.3, 95% CrI [−1.9, −0.64]) and TG (MD = −0.52, 95% CrI [−0.92, −0.11]) reductions. Considering adverse effects, we found two interventions had significant differences comparing with AD. Among them, YXY + AD was the best one with SUCRA of 0.01. Conclusion. In all TCPMs, QGJY + AD and YXY + AD may be the best options for hypertension. Meanwhile, YXY + AD can improve blood lipids in patients with hypertension. However, due to the vague reports of adverse effects and other limitations, more evidence, especially that provided by high-quality studies, is needed to prove the advantages of TCMPs.

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An expert recommendation on salt intake and blood pressure management in Chinese patients with hypertension: A statement of the Chinese Medical Association Hypertension Professional Committee

Cited by 18 publications

References 18 publications

Validity of five formulas in estimating 24-h urinary sodium via spot urine sampling in hypertensive patients living in Northeast China

Validity of five formulas in estimating 24-h urinary sodium via spot urine sampling in hypertensive patients living in Northeast China

Preclinical Evaluation of the Antihypertensive Effect of an Aqueous Extract of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC) Guill et Perr. Bark of Trunk in L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rat

Traditional Chinese Patent Medicine for Primary Hypertension: A Bayesian Network Meta‐Analysis

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