An extended carbonyl-rich conjugated polymer cathode for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

A novel polymer with an extended π-conjugated structure (PPh-PTO) can show a delocalized electronic distribution and achieve a higher voltage, excellent cycle life, and good rate capabilities.

Carbonyl‐rich Poly(pyrene‐4,5,9,10‐tetraone Sulfide) as Anode Materials for High‐Performance Li and Na‐Ion Batteries

“…In addition, a new peak at 289.9 eV assigned to C−Li bond emerges, which may be originated from the lithiation reaction or Li + ion insertion in condensed aromatic structures. Meanwhile, three peaks are also observed in the O1s spectrum (Figure 6b), corresponding to O−Li (531.1 eV), C−O (532.2 eV) and C=O (533.5 eV), respectively, [5a] further suggesting the formation of lithium enol structure.…”

“…Moreover, the lithiation process is further certified by XPS spectra analysis. As presented in Figure 6a, after the deeply discharge to 0.01 V, the C1s spectrum can be divided into five peaks, located at 284.3, 284.9, 285.8, 287.2 and 289.9 eV, ascribing the C=C, C−C, C−O/C−S, C=O and C−Li bonds, respectively [5a,16] . The C=O bond almost disappears and the appearance of C−O bond is attributed to the evolution of C=O to C−O−Li for the Li‐ion insertion.…”

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(N‐anthraquinoyl pyrrole) as High‐Performance Cathode Materials for Organic Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[4][5][6] The electrochemical activities of organic electrode materials mainly depend on their well-designed functional groups (e.g., C═O, C═N, N═N, and S-S). [7] Therefore, many organic materials containing these functional groups were synthesized and applied as electrode materials, such as conductive polymers (e.g., polyacetylene, [8] polyphenyl, [9] polyaniline, [10] and polyimide [11] ), conjugated carbonyl compounds (e.g., quinones [12] and ketones [13] ), and so on. These organic materials presented outstanding electrochemical performances because of their multielectron transfer and structure engineering properties.…”

A Flame-Retardant and Insoluble Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Cathode Material Based on Polyphosphazene with Pyrene-Tetraone for Lithium Ion Batteries

“…28−33 Modified PTO structures were employed in the designed cathode materials as the main chain, 30,34 side group, 28 or covalent organic framework (COF)/covalent organic polymer(COP). 29,31,32 Although one of the most used techniques to cope with the dissolution problem is the polymer formation, to the best of our knowledge only one study was reported in which polymethacrylate as a linear organic polymeric chain bearing PTO units was synthesized that exhibited the remarkable charge− discharge properties as a Li-ion cathode material. 28 Thus, we believe there is still room for improvement of modified PTO materials to be employed as cathode active materials in LIBs.…”

“…Thus, the resulting inorganic−organic hybrid polymer (poly[(bis(2-amino-4,5,9,10-pyrenetetraone)]phosphazene (PPAPT) is designed as inherently halogen-free, insoluble, and flame retardant properties with high thermal stability because of the nature of the polyphosphazene derivatives. PPAPT was characterized by using appropriate standard spectroscopic methods (i.e., 31 P NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy, FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy), DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis), and the electrochemical performance as a Li−ion battery cathode material was evaluated. Later, the lithium-ion storage mechanism of PPAPT was investigated by ex situ FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.…”